Cai Han (1647–1686): The Silent Witness of Mao Xiang’s Patronage Cai Han (蔡含), born around 1647 in China, remains a figure shrouded in artistic mystery. Despite her prolific output during the Ming Dynasty—primarily commissioned by Mao Xiang, a wealthy collector and fellow painter—scholarly research into her life has yielded scant biographical details. This relative obscurity contributes to the enduring fascination with her work, parti…