Ilya Repin, 1844 – 1930

The 100 Most Famous Paintings by Ilya Repin

The painting that made Ilya Repin famous is Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885 (1885); it hangs in the Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mahmoud IV. (1878) and Barge Haulers on the Volga (1873) follow it in the hearts of collectors and museum visitors. Of the 672 works by Ilya Repin in our catalogue, these 100 are the most admired, each presented with its date, its museum and what sets it apart.

Ranked by our popularity score, which combines the searches, visits and orders for each work. Updated October 2026. Every masterpiece on this page can be ordered as a museum-quality, hand-painted oil reproduction or a fine art print, at the size you choose.

Portrait of Ilya Repin
Ilya Repin · 1844 – 1930
Born · died
1844 – 1930, Chuhuiv
Movement
Realism
Works in our catalogue
672
Most famous
Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885 (1885)
Most works at
Tretyakov Gallery

Ilya Repin: the ten masterpieces

Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885 (1885) by Ilya Repin
1

Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885

1885 · Oil On Canvas · Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

The oil-on-canvas work titled Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885, was executed by the Russian realist artist Ilya Repin. This painting was created between 1883 and 1885. The composition focuses on a specific historical moment involving the Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible and his son, the Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich. The scene depicts the tsar cradling his dying son following a fatal blow to the head…

Barge Haulers on the Volga (1873) by Ilya Repin
3

Barge Haulers on the Volga

1873 · Oil On Canvas · The State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg

In the vast landscape of nineteenth-century Russian Realism, few canvases command the viewer's attention with such raw, unyielding power as Ilya Yefimovich Repin’s Barge Haulers on the Volga. Painted between 1870 and 1873, this monumental work is far more than a mere depiction of manual labor; it is a profound psychological study of the human spirit under the weight of systemic hardship. As one gazes upon the scene, the heavy…

Unexpected Return. (1884) by Ilya Repin
4

Unexpected Return.

1884 · Oil On Canvas · Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

In the vast tapestry of Russian Realism, few works capture the profound tension between private intimacy and public upheaval as poignantly as Ilya Yefimovich Repin’s Unexpected Return. Painted in 1884, this masterpiece is far more than a mere domestic tableau; it is a psychological study of a moment frozen in time, where the boundaries of a family's sanctuary are suddenly breached by the weight of history. The scene depicts the…

Sadko (1876) by Ilya Repin
5

Sadko

1876 · Oil On Canvas · The State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg

Ilya Repin’s “Sadko,” completed in 1876, is not merely a depiction of a fantastical tale; it’s an immersion into a world where myth and reality intertwine. This monumental canvas, measuring 323 x 230 cm, captures the essence of Russian folklore – the legend of the Volga boatman Sadko, who traded his riches for three beautiful daughters with the Sea King. The scene unfolds as a vibrant, almost overwhelming, tableau of…

Krestny Khod (Religious Procession) in Kursk Gubernia (1883) by Ilya Repin
6

Krestny Khod (Religious Procession) in Kursk Gubernia

1883 · Oil On Canvas · Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

A Social Commentary Through Art "CITE>Ilya Yefimovich Repin:CITE>" is renowned for his captivating and thought-provoking paintings, and "CITE>Krestny Khod (Religious Procession) in Kursk Gubernia:CITE>" stands out as a testament to his skillful storytelling through art. This oil on canvas masterpiece, measuring 175 x 280 cm, was created in 1883 and is now housed at the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. The Painting's Significance When first exhibited, "Krestny Khod (Religious Procession) in…

Portrait of Chuguev resident S.L. Lyubitskaya (1877) by Ilya Repin
8

Portrait of Chuguev resident S.L. Lyubitskaya

1877 · Oil On Canvas

To stand before Ilya Yefimovich Repin's Portrait of Chuguev resident S.L. Lyubitskaya is to encounter a moment suspended in time, a quiet dialogue between the subject and the viewer. Painted in 1877, this oil on canvas transcends a mere likeness; it is a profound study in human introspection. Repin, the master chronicler of Russian life, captures here not just the features of S.L. Lyubitskaya, but the very essence of her…

The Vice-President of the Academy of Arts, I.I. Tolstoy (1899) by Ilya Repin
10

The Vice-President of the Academy of Arts, I.I. Tolstoy

1899 · Oil On Canvas · The State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg

To gaze upon Ilya Yefimovich Repin's depiction of The Vice-President of the Academy of Arts, I.I. Tolstoy, is to step into a moment suspended in time—a sanctuary of quiet thought amidst the grandeur of late 19th-century Russian intellectual life. This portrait transcends a mere likeness; it captures the very essence of contemplation. The subject, seated with an air of distinguished gravity, holds a book as if it were both a…

More Ilya Repin masterpieces, 11 to 100

Self-Portrait. (1887) by Ilya Repin
#14

Self-Portrait.

1887 · Tretyakov Gallery

The Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow holds within its walls not just paintings, but echoes of a nation's spirit – and few works capture that essence more powerfully than…

Bring it home →
Sadko in the Underwater Kingdom (1875) by Ilya Repin
#20

Sadko in the Underwater Kingdom

1875 · Tretyakov Gallery

To gaze upon Ilya Yefimovich Repin’s Sadko in the Underwater Kingdom is to willingly surrender oneself to a realm suspended between dream and deep-sea mystery. This captivating oil…

Bring it home →
Portrait of Nikolai Remizov (1917) by Ilya Repin
#23

Portrait of Nikolai Remizov

1917

Ilya Yefimovich Repin’s “Portrait of Nikolai Remizov,” completed in 1917, stands as a cornerstone of Russian realist painting—a testament to Repin's unwavering dedication to capturing the essence of…

Bring it home →
Portrait of Bella Gorskaya (1910) by Ilya Repin
#24

Portrait of Bella Gorskaya

1910 · The State Museum of Fine Arts of Tatarstan Republic

To stand before Portrait of Bella Gorskaya is to step directly into the vibrant, nuanced world of turn-of-the-century Russia. Ilya Yefimovich Repin, a titan whose brushstrokes defined the…

Commission a hand-painted copy →
Portrait of K.B. Boleslavova (1913) by Ilya Repin
#30

Portrait of K.B. Boleslavova

1913

To stand before Portrait of K.B. Boleslavova is to be drawn into a moment suspended in time—a quiet confluence of intellect and contemplation. Ilya Yefimovich Repin, the master…

Bring it home →
Golgotha by Ilya Repin
#37

Golgotha

Ilya Yefimovich Repin’s “Golgotha” stands as a monumental testament to the power of realism and empathy within the realm of religious art. Painted between 1921 and 1922, this…

Commission a hand-painted copy →
Interior (etude). (1883) by Ilya Repin
#39

Interior (etude).

1883 · Tretyakov Gallery

Ilya Yefimovich Repin, a titan of Russian realism, bequeathed to us not merely paintings but profound reflections on human experience. His masterpiece, “Interior (etude),” completed in 1883 and…

Commission a hand-painted copy →
On a Turf Bench. (1876) by Ilya Repin
#41

On a Turf Bench.

1876

Ilya Yefimovich Repin stands as a monumental figure in Russian art, his legacy inextricably linked with the nation's burgeoning realist movement. Born in 1844 in Chuguev, Ukraine –…

Order a reproduction →
Unexpected Visitors (1888) by Ilya Repin
#42

Unexpected Visitors

1888

“Unexpected Visitors” (Не ждали), painted by Ilya Yefimovich Repin in 1888, is more than just a depiction of a family gathering; it's a profound commentary on Russian society…

Order a reproduction →
Haulers on the Volga. (1870) by Ilya Repin
#43

Haulers on the Volga.

1870

is an oil on canvas painting by Ilya Repin. Executed in 1870, the work measures 131 x 281 cm. The scale of the canvas emphasizes the physical presence…

Bring it home →
Portrait of Yuria Repina, the Artist's son. (1882) by Ilya Repin
#47

Portrait of Yuria Repina, the Artist's son.

1882 · Tretyakov Gallery

“Portrait of Yuria Repina, the Artist’s son” by Ilya Yefimovich Repin stands as a cornerstone of 19th-century Russian art—a poignant depiction that transcends mere visual representation to embody…

Bring it home →
Judas (1885) by Ilya Repin
#53

Judas

1885

The painting Judas by Ilya Repin captures a moment of heavy, silent reckoning. Created in 1885, the work focuses on the biblical figure Judas Iscariot. He is the…

Bring it home →
Zaporozhets by Ilya Repin
#60

Zaporozhets

Vitebsk Museum of Modern Art

Ilya Yefimovich Repin’s “Zaporozhets,” painted in 1880-1891, isn’t merely a depiction of a man; it’s a carefully constructed tableau brimming with historical resonance and profound emotional depth. The…

Commission a hand-painted copy →
The Procurator (1912) by Ilya Repin
#62

The Procurator

1912 · Finnish National Gallery

The Procurator is a vertical bust-length portrait of an elderly man, presented from an eye-level perspective that establishes an intimate connection with the viewer. The subject is depicted…

Commission a hand-painted copy →
A Shy Peasant (1877) by Ilya Repin
#63

A Shy Peasant

1877

In his 1877 oil on canvas, A Shy Peasant, Ilya Yefimovich Repin presents a profound study of human emotion and quietude. The painting captures a man with a…

Bring it home →
Religious Procession (1877) by Ilya Repin
#65

Religious Procession

1877 · The State Russian Museum

The oil on canvas painting titled Religious Procession was executed by the artist Ilya Repin. This large-scale work was completed between 1880 and 1883. The composition focuses on…

Order a reproduction →
A woman in a cap by Ilya Repin
#69

A woman in a cap

Vitebsk Museum of Modern Art

Ilya Repin's “A Woman in a Cap,” painted circa 1876-1878, isn’t merely a portrait; it’s a carefully constructed window into the soul of late 19th-century Russia. This arresting…

Commission a hand-painted copy →
Diogenes and the boy (1867) by Ilya Repin
#78

Diogenes and the boy

1867

To stand before this vintage oil painting is to step directly into the charged atmosphere of 19th-century religious fervor. The scene, titled Diogenes and the boy, immediately arrests…

Order a reproduction →

Ilya Repin's paintings by period

The subjects Ilya Repin painted most

The four subjects that return most often among these masterpieces, with the finest example of each.

Where to see Ilya Repin's paintings

The 8 museums that hold the most of the paintings on this page.

Museum City Works by Ilya Repin Paintings from this list
Tretyakov Gallery, MoscowTretyakov Gallery Moscow 59 Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885, Unexpected Return., Krestny Khod (Religious Procession) in Kursk Gubernia
The State Russian Museum, St. PetersburgThe State Russian Museum St. Petersburg 28 The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mahmoud IV., Barge Haulers on the Volga, Sadko
Finnish National Gallery, HelsinkiFinnish National Gallery Helsinki 29 Portrait of Professor Ivanov, The Procurator, The Scytheman
Vitebsk Museum of Modern Art, VitebskVitebsk Museum of Modern Art Vitebsk 2 Zaporozhets, A woman in a cap
The State Museum of Fine Arts of Tatarstan Republic, KazanThe State Museum of Fine Arts of Tatarstan Republic Kazan 2 Portrait of Bella Gorskaya
Nizhniy Tagil State Museum of Fine Arts, Nizhny TagilNizhniy Tagil State Museum of Fine Arts Nizhny Tagil 2 Portrait of actor and dramatist Grigory Grigorievich Ghe
National Museum in Warsaw, WarsawNational Museum in Warsaw Warsaw 2 Study of a peasant in the grass.
Hermitage Museum, Saint PetersburgHermitage Museum Saint Petersburg 1 Portrait of Emperor Nicholas II

Ilya Repin, decade by decade: the defining painting of each

  1. 1850s
  2. 1860s
    Portrait of Tatyana Repina, the Artist's Mother. (1867) by Ilya Repin
    #49 of 100

    Portrait of Tatyana Repina, the Artist's Mother.

    Age 16 – 25 · National Gallery

    Ilya Yefimovich Repin, one of Russia’s most celebrated and profoundly humanistic painters, possessed an extraordinary ability to distill the essence of his subjects onto canvas. Few portraits capture…

  3. 1870s
    The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mahmoud IV. (1878) by Ilya Repin
    Rank 2 / 100

    The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mahmoud IV.

    Age 26 – 35 · The State Russian Museum

    The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mahmoud IV by Ilya Yefimovich Repin is a monumental masterpiece that captures the defiance and spirit of the Ukrainian Cossacks.…

  4. 1880s
    Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885 (1885) by Ilya Repin
    No. 1 of 100

    Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885

    Age 36 – 45 · Tretyakov Gallery

    The oil-on-canvas work titled Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885, was executed by the Russian realist artist Ilya Repin. This painting was created…

  5. 1890s
    The Vice-President of the Academy of Arts, I.I. Tolstoy (1899) by Ilya Repin
    #10 of 100

    The Vice-President of the Academy of Arts, I.I. Tolstoy

    Age 46 – 55 · The State Russian Museum

    To gaze upon Ilya Yefimovich Repin's depiction of The Vice-President of the Academy of Arts, I.I. Tolstoy, is to step into a moment suspended in time—a sanctuary of…

  6. 1900s
    Portrait of writer Yevgeny Nikolayevich Chirikov (1906) by Ilya Repin
    Rank 25 / 100

    Portrait of writer Yevgeny Nikolayevich Chirikov

    Age 56 – 65

    To stand before Ilya Yefimovich Repin’s Portrait of writer Yevgeny Nikolayevich Chirikov is to step directly into the vibrant, thoughtful atmosphere of turn-of-the-century Russian intellectualism. Painted in 1906,…

  7. 1910s
    Portrait of Nikolai Remizov (1917) by Ilya Repin
    Rank 23 / 100

    Portrait of Nikolai Remizov

    Age 66 – 75

    Ilya Yefimovich Repin’s “Portrait of Nikolai Remizov,” completed in 1917, stands as a cornerstone of Russian realist painting—a testament to Repin's unwavering dedication to capturing the essence of…

  8. 1920s

Ilya Repin's masterpieces: questions and answers

Which painting is Ilya Repin best known for?Show the answer

Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885 (1885), Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. Next come The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mahmoud IV. (1878) and Barge Haulers on the Volga (1873).

How old was Ilya Repin when painting Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885?Show the answer

41 years old: Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885 dates from 1885 and Ilya Repin was born in 1844.

What are Ilya Repin's ten greatest paintings?Show the answer

Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885, The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mahmoud IV., Barge Haulers on the Volga, Unexpected Return., Sadko, Krestny Khod (Religious Procession) in Kursk Gubernia, Ceremonial Meeting of the State Council, Portrait of Chuguev resident S.L. Lyubitskaya, Portrait of the Poet Voinov and The Vice-President of the Academy of Arts, I.I. Tolstoy. The ranking above gives the year and the museum of each.

How many works did Ilya Repin paint?Show the answer

Our catalogue lists 672 works by Ilya Repin, dated from 1859 to 1926.

In which museums can I see Ilya Repin's masterpieces?Show the answer

Most of them are in Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow), The State Russian Museum (St. Petersburg) and Finnish National Gallery (Helsinki). The table above lists the museums one by one.

When did Ilya Repin paint the masterpieces?Show the answer

In 1870s: 34 of the 100 works on this page date from then, among them The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mahmoud IV..

What are the first and last famous paintings of Ilya Repin?Show the answer

The earliest on this page is Portrait of A. Bocharova, artist's aunts (1859), the latest Portrait of the Poet Voinov (1926).

What were Ilya Repin's favourite subjects?Show the answer

Portrait (36), Russian art (29) and Portraits (10), among the 100 works on this page.

Which technique did Ilya Repin favour?Show the answer

Oil On Canvas: 53 of the 100 works on this page.

What art movement is Ilya Repin part of?Show the answer

Realism, as the paintings on this page show.

Which masterpieces by Ilya Repin hang at the Tretyakov Gallery?Show the answer

Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1885, Unexpected Return. and Krestny Khod (Religious Procession) in Kursk Gubernia are among the 28 works on this page held by the Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Can I own a reproduction of a Ilya Repin masterpiece?Show the answer

Yes. Every painting on this page can be ordered as a museum-quality, hand-painted oil reproduction or a fine art print, in the size you choose, from the painting's own page.

The life of Ilya Repin

Early Life, Family and Training

Ilya Yefimovich Repin entered the world on August 5, 1844, in Chuguev, located within the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire. His upbringing was shaped by the practicalities of a modest household; his father, Yefim Vasilyevich Repin, was a military settler who later worked as an itinerant merchant. This background provided a connection to the movement of people and the realities of provincial life that would later inform his perspective. His early years were defined by the quiet discipline of a small town, far from the formal academies that would eventually define his professional life.

The seeds of his technical skill were sown through a traditional apprenticeship. At the age of sixteen, he began the meticulous work of painting icons, learning the craft under the guidance of local icon painters. This period of training required a precise hand and an understanding of religious composition. It was a rigorous introduction to the visual language of his surroundings, teaching him to observe the nuances of form and light before he ever stepped foot in a major metropolitan center.

In 1863, driven by an ambition to refine his talent, he traveled to Saint Petersburg. He did not enter the Imperial Academy of Arts through the standard channels at first, but instead audited courses, absorbing the atmosphere and instruction of the institution. This period of self-directed study allowed him to bridge the gap between his provincial training and the formal academic standards of the capital. He was a man of persistence, navigating the transition from a student of religious imagery to a serious practitioner of secular art.

The Rise of a Realist Master

The transition from a student to a central figure in Russian art was marked by rapid academic success. After navigating the challenges of his early training, he secured his first prizes at the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1869 and 1871. These accolades signaled a shift toward a more direct engagement with the world around him. His growing reputation led to a significant commission from Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich for The Barge Haulers on the Volga, a work that would define his early career and establish his commitment to depicting the realities of labor.

Between 1873 and 1876, his perspective expanded through two years spent in Paris and Normandy. This period allowed him to observe the techniques of painting in the open air, which he would later integrate into his own approach to light and form. He did not merely replicate the styles he encountered; instead, he refined a method of capturing the human condition with a specific, unvarnished clarity. This period of travel provided the technical breadth necessary to move beyond simple representation into a more profound psychological realism.

By 1894, his influence had become institutionalized when he was appointed a professor of historical painting at the St. Petersburg Academy. He had moved from the periphery of the art world to its very center, teaching the next generation how to navigate the tension between academic tradition and the demand for social truth. His career had come full circle, from a student auditing classes to a master shaping the direction of national art.

Key Works and Masterpieces

Repin’s ascent was marked by a profound ability to translate the struggles of the common man into monumental visual narratives. In 1873, he produced Barge Haulers on the Volga, a work that captured the brutal physical toil of laborers dragging boats along the river. This painting moved beyond simple observation, offering a searing indictment of social injustice through the exhaustion and resolve of its subjects. It established him as a painter deeply attuned to the human condition and the socio-political tensions of his era.

His interest in the complexities of the Russian soul led him to explore both religious and historical themes with intense psychological depth. Between 1880 and 1883, he painted Religious Procession in Kursk Province, a nuanced study of faith and social hierarchy. This period also saw the development of Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, a work created between 1880 and 1891 that captured a defiant spirit of resistance. His brushwork often balanced the joy of folk motifs with the darker, more heavy aspects of history.

The capacity for drama reached a peak in 1885 with Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan. This depiction of a moment of horrific violence and remorse remains one of his most striking explorations of power and guilt. Through these varied subjects, Repin moved from the grit of the riverbanks to the heavy shadows of the Kremlin, always maintaining a focus on the internal struggles of his figures.

Technique and Artistic Style

Repin established himself as the foremost exponent of the Russian Realist style, a movement that sought to strip away academic idealization in favor of the unvarnished truth of contemporary life. His artistic language was defined by a profound sense of plasticity, a quality that allowed him to render the human form and its surroundings with a tangible, three-dimensional presence. This technical command enabled him to move beyond mere likeness, capturing the physical weight of a laborer or the subtle tension in a historical scene. He was a master of genre painting, finding profound meaning in the everyday activities of the common people and the complex social hierarchies of his era.

His approach was not static, however. During his time in France and Italy, he encountered the burgeoning Impressionist movement, and the influence of French plein-air techniques became evident in his later work. He began to integrate these observations into his rigorous realist foundation, utilizing light and brushwork to suggest atmosphere and movement rather than relying solely on rigid, polished finishes. This synthesis allowed him to depict the psychological depth of his subjects through a more fluid, observational lens. He used the human face as a landscape of emotion, often focusing on the internal struggles of his sitters.

Later Years and Death

The final chapter of Repin’s life was marked by a quiet withdrawal from the turbulent currents of history. Following the February Revolution of 1917, he found himself increasingly disillusioned by the violence and terror unleashed by the Bolsheviks. This profound sense of unease prompted a retreat from the center of Russian life toward the more tranquil surroundings of his estate, Penates. Located in Kuokkala, Finland, this sanctuary provided a refuge from the political upheaval that had reshaped his homeland.

In this secluded setting, he continued to paint, finding a sense of peace away from the social transformations occurring in the cities. His focus shifted toward more personal and introspective subjects, often drawing from his immediate surroundings and the people closest to him. He remained active in his craft until his final days, maintaining a connection to the art that had defined his existence. He died on 29 September 1930 in Kuokkala. He is buried at The Penates.

Legacy and Enduring Influence

The influence of Ilya Yefimovich Repin extended far beyond the borders of the Russian Empire, reaching into the very foundations of modern painting. By defining the parameters of Russian realism, he established a visual language that would later inform the development of Socialist Realism. His ability to merge technical academic precision with a sharp social conscience allowed his work to function as a mirror to a changing society. This commitment to portraying the human condition with honesty ensured that his impact would be felt by generations of artists who followed in his footsteps.

His reputation was recognized on the international stage, far from the provincial towns of his youth. In 1900, he served as a jury member of the Paris World Fair, a position that reflected his standing among the global artistic elite. This recognition was further solidified when he was awarded the Legion of Honour, an honor that underscored his importance to the European art world. He moved between the rigorous traditions of the Academy and the evolving techniques of plein-air painting, leaving behind a body of work that bridged the gap between the old world and the new.

Where to See the Works Today

The physical presence of Repin's oeuvre is scattered across several major institutions, reflecting the breadth of his influence. The Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow remains the most significant repository, housing 26 of his works. Within this collection, one can find his portrait of the composer Modest Musorgsky, dated 1881, alongside the portrait of Pavel Tretyakov from 1883. These pieces offer a direct encounter with the psychological depth he brought to his subjects.

Beyond Moscow, his canvases have traveled to various corners of Europe and the former Soviet territories. The Vitebsk Museum of Modern Art holds two of his works, while the Pushkin State Museum in Moscow preserves a single piece. In Prague, the National Gallery maintains one of his paintings, ensuring his visual language remains accessible to international audiences. These specific locations provide a fragmented but significant map of his artistic output.

All 672 works by Ilya Repin →