Late Medieval artists, ranked
The most famous Late Medieval artist is Simone Martini (1284–1344), known for Maestà (Madonna with Angels and Saints) and Kristus fundet i templet. Next come Andrej Rubljov, Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Pietro Lorenzetti and Hubert Van Eyck. This ranking of the 99 most famous Late Medieval artists runs from Yuan Dynasty (born 1271) to Hubert Van Eyck (born 1366), across 20 countries.
How this list is ranked. Artists whose works our catalogue files under Late Medieval, in the order of our fame ranking of artists. Artists without a Wikidata identifier born after 1955 are left out until verified. The Wikipedia figure next to each name is the number of our 32 languages in which Wikipedia has an article on the artist.
The essentials
Ranked, with their masterpieces
1of 99
Italiensk Born in Siena International gotik Wikipedia in 28/32 languages
I 1319 færdiggjorde han Sankt Catharina af Alexandria Polyptych i Pisa. Saint Louis of Toulouse Crowning His Brother Robert of Anjou, 1317. Saint Louis of Toulouse Crowning His Brother Robert of Anjou, 1317.
Teacher of Lippo Memmi #10
2of 99
Russisk Born in Storfyrstendømmet Moskva Russisk ikonmaleri Wikipedia in 31/32 languages
Andrei Rublev (ca. 1360 – ca. 1430) står tilbage som en af de mest gådefulde og dybt indflydelsesrige skikkelser i den russiske kunsthistorie. I 1405 forenede han kræfter med Teofanes og Prokhor af Gorodets for at dekorere Bebudelseskatedralen, et vendepunkt i russisk ikonmaleri. Treenighedsikonet: Som uden tvivl Rublevs mest berømte værk er "Treenigheden" (ca. 1420-1428) et vidnesbyrd om hans kunstneriske geni.
3of 99
Born in Siena Wikipedia in 29/32 languages
Ambrogio Lorenzetti, født omkring 1290 i hjertet af Siena, Italien, trådte frem som en central figur i overgangen fra de middelalderlige kunstneriske traditioner til den spirende renæssance. Den sienesiske skole, berømt for sin raffinerede æstetik, var et frugtbart miljø for Ambrogios talenter til at blomstre, men han var ikke tilfreds med blot at replikere etablerede konventioner.
4of 99
Italiensk Born in Siena Tidlig renæssance Wikipedia in 27/32 languages
Selvom de biografiske detaljer forbliver lige så undvigende som skyggerne i en skumringsfresco – et almindeligt vilkår for kunstnere fra hans æra – peger den videnskabelige konsensus på formative indflydelser fra Duccio di Buoninsegna, Sienas berømte maestro, og Simone Martini.
5of 99
Hollandsk Born in Maaseik Tidlig Nederlandsk Wikipedia in 20/32 languages
Født i Maasik omkring 1385 eller 1390 var han en del af en formidabel kunstnerisk dynasti; hans familiære forbindelser, herunder hans berømte bror Jan samt søskendene Lambert og Margaret, skabte en smeltedigel af kreativitet, der for altid ville ændre den europæiske malerkunsts bane.
6of 99
Italiensk Born in Firenze Tidlig renæssance Wikipedia in 23/32 languages
Som en af de mest fremtrædende elever af den legendariske Giotto di Bondone arvede Gaddi ikke blot en stil; han udvidede sin tids visuelle sprog. Mens Giotto fokuserede på menneskehedens rå, skulpturelle essens, introducerede Gaddi en delikat elegance og en sofistikeret brug af lys, der kunne forvandle en flad overflade til et vindue af guddommelig stråleglans.
Teacher of Agnolo Gaddi #7, Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino) #51
7of 99
Italiensk Born in Firenze Ghibellino og Tidig Renässans Wikipedia in 20/32 languages
Taddeo Gaddi, Agnolo's father, was himself a devoted pupil of Giotto, absorbing his groundbreaking innovations in perspective, emotion, and narrative clarity. Consequently, Gaddi’s early works bear unmistakable traces of Giottesque aesthetics—robust figures rendered with palpable emotional intensity, and compositions prioritizing storytelling over mere decorative embellishment.
Pupil of Taddeo Gaddi #6
8of 99
Græsk Born in Konstantinopel Byzantinsk ikonografi Wikipedia in 22/32 languages
Han tilskrives forfinelsen af brugen af temperamaling, hvilket opnåede en bemærkelsesværdig lysstyrke og farvedybde, som ikke tidligere var set i russisk ikonografi. En nøgleinnovation var hans dygtige manipulation af lys og skygge – brugen af højlys til at fremhæde de religiøse subjekters spirituelle essens og skabelsen af en følelse af indre glød.
9of 99
Born in Venedig
Paolo Veneziano (ca. 1333 – 1358) står som en monumental skikkelse i den venetianske kunsthistorie, universelt anerkendt som det fjortende århundredes vigtigste venetianske maler. Født ind i en kunstnerisk slægt i selve Venedig – hans far var selv en berømt kunstner – faldt Venezianos korte, men brillante karriere sammen med en transformativ periode i europæisk malerkunst.
10of 99
Born in Siena Wikipedia in 17/32 languages
Lippo Memmi, født omkring 1291 i hjertet af Siena, Italien, står som en central figur i overgangen fra den byzantinsk-rodede tradition inden for middelalderlig malerkunst til den spirende elegance i den Internationale Gotiks stil.
Pupil of Simone Martini #1
11of 99
Italian Born in Zevio Gothic Art Wikipedia in 20/32 languages
Here, around 1364, he embarked on an ambitious cycle depicting scenes from Josephus's Wars of the Jews.
12of 99
Italiensk Born in Arezzo Forbindelse mellem Giotto og den sienesiske skole Wikipedia in 16/32 languages
Født ind i en familie af florentinske guldsmede var hans sande navn Spinello Di Luca Spinelli, men han blev kendt i historien under øgenavnet "Aretino", hvilket signalerede hans tilknytning til Arezzo. I hans tidlige år arbejdede han i de travle værksteder i Firenze, hvor han bidrog til monumentale værker som fresker i kirkerne Carmine og Santa Maria Novella.
Pupil of Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino) #51 · Teacher of Lorenzo di Bicci #32
13of 99
Italiensk Born in Firenze Ungrenæssance Wikipedia in 17/32 languages
Bernardo Daddi, født i Firenze omkring 1290 og bortgangen i 1348, står som en skelsættende skikkelse i overgangen fra den sene gotik til den spirende italienske renæssance. Ligeledes bemærkelsesværdig er "Sankt Stefanis martyrdød", der findes i Pinacoteca Vaticana – en predella bestående af otte paneler malet omkring 1345.
14of 99
Italiensk Born in Pontecorvo Gotik
Andrea Pisano (ca. 1290 – 1348 Orvieto) står som en monumental skikkelse i den italienske renæssances skulpturkunst, men hans kunstneriske arv er uadskilleligt forbundet med den foregående gotiske æra og dybt formet af den revolutionerende indflydelse fra Giotto di Bondone.
15of 99
Italian Born in Florence Early Renaissance
He demonstrated a particular skill in depicting religious scenes – notably the Coronation of the Virgin, now housed in the Accademia in Venice, and the harrowing Massacre of the Innocents, preserved in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. The Madonna del Parto within the church of San Lorenzo, Florence, further exemplifies his sensitivity to maternal tenderness and spiritual devotion.
16of 99
Kinesisk Born in Wuxi De fire mestre fra Yuan-dynastiet Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
Hans navne var præget af tradition og poesi; hans æresnavn var Yuan Zhen (元鎮), og han benyttede kunstneriske pseudonymer som Yun Lin Zi (雲林子), Huan Xia Sheng (幻霞生), og Jing Man Min (荊蠻民). Ni Zan betragtes som en af de fire mestre fra Yuan-dynastiet, sammen med Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen og Wang Meng.
17of 99
Italian Born in Florence Gothic-Late Gothic
Orcagna achieved unparalleled fame through The Triumph of Death, a monumental undertaking commissioned for Siena Cathedral between 1365 and 1370.
18of 99
Italian Born in Florence Gothic-Late Gothic Wikipedia in 20/32 languages
The name Orcagna—a moniker bestowed upon him by local artisans—encompasses a remarkable figure in the history of Italian art: Andrea di Cione, a painter, sculptor, architect, and master craftsman who dominated the artistic landscape of Florence during the latter half of the 14th century. He bridged the gap between the Gothic traditions inherited from his predecessors and the emerging Renaissance style, paving the way for future generations of artists.
Pupil of Andrea Pisano #14
19of 99
Italiensk Born in Lombardien Proto-Renaissance
Født Giovanni di Jacopo di Guido da Caversaccio i Lombardiet omkring 1346, udfoldede hans kunstneriske rejse primært inden for det pulserende kulturelle landskab i Firenze under en tid med enorm forandring og innovation.
20of 99
Italian Born in Siena Gothic Art Wikipedia in 14/32 languages
The historical significance of Barna da Siena extends far beyond the walls of a single Tuscan town.
21of 99
Chinese Born in Huzhou Yuan Dynasty Landscape Painting Wikipedia in 14/32 languages
Unlike the more restrained approaches of his contemporaries, Wang Meng’s paintings are characterized by an extraordinary density and dynamism. His brushstrokes—often described as “ropy” or “layered”—were meticulously applied in thick, overlapping patterns, creating a palpable sense of texture and movement. Wang Meng’s style was profoundly influenced by the landscape painters who preceded him – Wang Wei, Dong Yuan, and Juran – but he developed his own distinctive voice through his innovative use of brushwork and composition.
22of 99
Spanish Born in Palma de Mallorca Nautical cartography
Majorcan Cartographic School: Cresques was a leading member of the Majorcan cartographic school, which flourished during the 14th century.
23of 99
French Medieval Art, Religious Paintings
Yet, within this tradition flourished an artist of startling intensity and dramatic vision – Nicolas Bataille (c. 1330-1405). He was born around 1330 in Paris, likely as the son of an architect, a profession that may have instilled within him an appreciation for structure and design. The depiction of Babylon’s destruction reflects the prevailing fears about political instability and social decay in 14th-century France.
24of 99
Italiensk Born in Venedig Byzantinsk kunst Wikipedia in 11/32 languages
Året 1336 runger i Italiens kunstneriske landskab, uadskilleligt forbundet med en skikkelse indhyllet i et fascinerende mysterium – Mesteren fra 1336. Mere præcist kendt som Giovanni Lipini giver denne kunstners navn, der stammer fra et mirakuløst fresko af Jomfru Maria i Santa Maria delle Grazie i Pistoia, et forførende indblik i hans oprindelse og varige indflydelse.
25of 99
Italian Trecento
However, unlike Duccio’s often exuberant and emotionally charged compositions, Segna’s paintings possess a more restrained elegance, characterized by a sense of solemnity and a focus on formal clarity. It’s believed that Segna spent time in Florence during this period, absorbing influences from the burgeoning Florentine school, which was beginning to experiment with linear perspective and naturalistic representation. Segna's artistic journey is believed to have begun under the tutelage of his uncle, Duccio di Buoninsegna, a towering figure in Sienese painting.
26of 99
Italian Born in Colle di Val d'Elsa Late Gothic Wikipedia in 18/32 languages
While many painters of his era are remembered only by the fragments of their altarpieces, Cennino Cennini achieved immortality through the written word.
Pupil of Agnolo Gaddi #7
27of 99
Born in Siena Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
Ugolino di Nerio, et navn der i vid udstrækning er fraværende fra de gængse kunsthistoriske fortællinger, står som en skelsættende skikkelse i det spirende kunstneriske landskab i Siena og Firenze i 1320'erne.
28of 99
Italian Born in Siena Early Renaissance Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
Architectural Precision: The use of structured backgrounds to ground holy figures within a tangible, albeit idealized, reality. In works such as his Virgin and Child with Saints, one can witness the evolution of his hand—moving from the more rigid, ornamental patterns of the late Gothic style toward a more robust and naturalistic approach. The historical significance of Taddeo di Bartolo lies in his role as a custodian of Sienese identity during a period of immense change.
29of 99
Italian Born in Florence Early Quattrocento
Despite the paucity of surviving paintings attributed to Lippo di Benivieni, his influence is palpable in several significant frescoes adorning churches throughout Siena and San Gimignano. Madonna and Child Panel Painting: A monochrome panel depicting Mary holding the infant Jesus exemplifies Lippo’s mastery of technique—particularly his ability to achieve remarkable tonal gradation using tempera on wood. Furthermore, his work serves as an exemplar of early Quattrocento painting—a transitional phase between Gothic formalism and Renaissance naturalism —demonstrating Lippo’s willingness to embrace new stylistic approaches while retaining core aesthetic principles.
30of 99
Chinese Landscape painting
Like Wang Meng, Zhao Yuan embraced a dense, complex compositional structure characterized by layered mountains, gnarled trees, and meticulously rendered details. Beyond Wang Meng, echoes of earlier masters like Fan Kuan (c. 937-1020), renowned for his monumental landscapes and powerful brushwork, can also be detected in Zhao Yuan’s treatment of rock formations and atmospheric effects. His most significant debt is undoubtedly to Wang Meng (1308-1383), one of the last great masters of the Yuan dynasty.
31of 99
Italian Born in Siena Sienese School Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
Working alongside luminaries such as Luca di Tommè, he contributed to significant communal works, including an altarpiece for the shoemaker's guild in the cathedral of Siena, marking his first documented presence in the annals of art history.
32of 99
Italian Florentine School
This preference for light is not merely aesthetic; it reflects a deeper philosophical shift – a move towards celebrating the beauty and dignity of human life. He skillfully employed perspective, though not with the mathematically precise rigor of later Renaissance artists, creating a sense of depth and spatial awareness through subtle variations in scale and detail. He is considered a crucial link between the late Gothic style of his predecessors and the groundbreaking innovations of artists like Masaccio and Botticelli.
33of 99
Belgian Born in Ypres Early Netherlandish Painting Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
By integrating the sculptural solidity learned from masters like Claus Sluter with the fluid grace of the International Gothic style, Broederlam helped forge a new visual vocabulary. As the favored painter to powerful patrons such as Louis de Mâle, Count of Flanders, and later the formidable Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, his work became a visual manifestation of ducal prestige.
34of 99
Italiensk Born in Firenze Florentinsk skole
Disse monumentale malerier, der skildrer scener fra bibelsk historie og mytologiske fortællinger, repræsenterer et højdepunkt inden for florentinsk renæssancekunst, idet de viser Lorenzos mestring af farve, komposition og perspektiv. Freskoerne tjente ikke kun som dekorative udsmykninger, men også som stærke erklæringer om Medici-patronaget – hvilket demonstrerede den transformerende rolle, der aristokratiske bestillinger spillede i at forme kunstneriske tendenser.
35of 99
Italian Born in Florence Venetian Renaissance Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
The enduring impact of Gherardo di Jacopo Starnina can be summarized through several key artistic contributions: Stylistic Synthesis: The seamless blending of Florentine emotional realism with Venetian decorative splendor.
36of 99
French Early Gothic painting
Emerging during the turbulent and transformative reign of Philip IV, Pucelle rose from the workshops of Paris to become the preeminent manuscript illuminator of his generation.
37of 99
Italiensk Born in Firenze Toskanisk maleri Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
Denne monumentale struktur, færdiggjort omkring 1359, fremviser Orcagnas exceptionelle kunnen som arkitekt og skulptør. Disse relieffer kendetegnes ved deres dynamiske komposition, udtryksfulde figurer og omhyggelige detaljeopmærksomhed – kendetegn ved Orcagnas kunstneriske stil.
38of 99
Italian Born in Piove di Sacco Early Renaissance; Venetian painting; Gothic art Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
Guariento di Arpo (c. 1310–1370) stands as a monumental figure of the Trecento, acting as the essential bridge between the grounded, volumetric realism of Florence and the ethereal, ornamental splendor of the Venetian Gothic tradition.
39of 99
Italian Born in Pratovecchio Gothic & Early Renaissance Wikipedia in 10/32 languages
The true significance of Giovanni del Biondo lies in his ability to maintain a distinctive, recognizable style amidst a sea of changing influences.
40of 99
Hollandsk Born in Haarlem Nordlig realisme
Claus Sluter (ca. 1350-1406) står som en af sin tids mest indflydelsesrige billedhuggere og markerede et afgørende vendepunkt mellem de gotiske og renæssancemæssige kunsttraditioner i Nordeuropa. Indskriften af hans navn i Bruxelles' stenhuggerværkstedregister omkring 1379/1380 bekræfter hans professionelle virke og understreger håndværkets betydning i den middelalderlige kunstkultur.
41of 99
Japanese Born in Kyoto Rinzai Zen, Gozan Bungaku
Kokan Shiren (虎関師錬; 9 May 1278 – 11 August 1347), a pivotal figure in 14th-century Japan, stands as a unique confluence of artistic expression, philosophical depth, and historical scholarship.
42of 99
Italian Born in Florence Gothic Wikipedia in 7/32 languages
His commitment to procuring marble for the cathedral underscored his understanding of artistic grandeur and civic responsibility. Furthermore, he continued to secure patronage from influential families like the Albizzi, ensuring that Florentine art would endure as a symbol of prestige and cultural achievement. The dispersed predella depicting scenes from Saint Peter’s life – a collaborative effort with Niccolò di Pietro Gerini – remains a poignant reminder of Jacopo's artistic legacy and the enduring power of Florentine Gothic art.
43of 99
Italian Born in Siena Sienese School Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
I hjertet af det fjortende århundredes Toscana, en periode defineret ved overgangen fra den gotiske æras eteriske ynde til renæssancens spirende humanisme, trådte Bartolo di Fredi frem som en mester af lys og fortælling. Han blev født i Siena omkring 1330 og var mere end blot en maler; han var en bro mellem to verdener.
44of 99
German Born in Dortmund International Gothic soft style Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
In the twilight of the fourteenth century, a transformative artistic energy began to pulse through the prosperous Hanseatic city of Dortmund, finding its most profound expression in the hands of Conrad von Soest. Completed around 1420, this monumental triptych stands as a pinnacle of the International Gothic style.
45of 99
Egyptian Born in Amarna Amarna art style
Tuthmosis’s mastery lay not only in capturing likeness but also in skillfully manipulating stone. He primarily worked with fine-grained limestone, a material readily available in the quarries surrounding Amarna. The Amarna period, largely due to the work of artists like Tuthmosis, marked a significant departure from traditional artistic conventions, paving the way for subsequent developments in sculpture and portraiture.
46of 99
Italian Born in Valmorea Italian Gothic Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
In the bustling streets of Florence, where the air was thick with the scent of fresh pigment and the echoes of a changing era, a painter named Giovanni di Jacopo di Guido da Caversaccio began to make his mark. Hailing from Lombardy, he arrived in Tuscany as a man seeking his fortune, appearing in the city's records as Johannes Jacobi de Commo.
47of 99
German Born in Minden International Gothic Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
It is believed that Bertram was influenced by both French and Netherlandish artistic trends prevalent during his time. Despite these influences, Bertram maintained a uniquely Northern German sensibility, imbuing his work with a sense of regional identity. While sharing similarities with other artists of the period, such as Master Francke (another prominent Hamburg painter), Bertram's work possesses a distinct character—a subtle restraint in emotional expression compared to Francke’s more overtly dramatic approach.
48of 99
Italian Born in Siena Gothic architecture/sculpture
Giorgio Vasari, the celebrated Renaissance art historian, initially placed Agostino within the orbit of Giovanni Pisano’s workshop, suggesting a formative apprenticeship under this master sculptor. However, modern scholarship proposes a more nuanced lineage, positing that his early training likely occurred with Camaino di Crescentino, father to Tino di Camaino, another influential figure in Sienese sculpture. His exact date of death remains unknown, though records indicate he was no longer living as of June 27, 1347—a period marked by the devastating impact of the Black Death.
49of 99
Born in Kyoto
He employed elaborate rituals, symbolic imagery, and monumental architecture – like Kitayama-dono – to portray himself as a universal monarch or dharma king, mirroring rulers in Southeast Asia. His posthumous name was Rokuon'in (鹿苑院), further cementing his place in Japanese history. Late in his career, Yoshimitsu increasingly sought to legitimize his power through the lens of Buddhist kingship.
50of 99
Netherlandish Born in Valenciennes Pucellian revival
In 1386, Beaunever accepted the prestigious role of superintendent of all painting and sculpture for the Duke, a position that placed him at the heart of one of Europe's most vibrant cultural epicenters. His technical achievements are best observed in the following areas: Illuminated Manuscripts: In works such as the Psalter of Jean de Berry and his depictions of figures like King David, Beauneveu demonstrated an extraordinary ability to use light and shadow to create a sense of three-dimensional volume on parchment.
51of 99
Italian Born in Florence Renaissance
Technical Innovation: Early mastery of light, shadow, and the illusion of volume. In the annals of Italian art, Jacopo remains a luminous figure, a painter who captured the very essence of Florentine devotion. The origins of his artistry are deeply rooted in the Florentine milieu, likely shaped by the influential circle surrounding the Master of St.
52of 99
Japansk Born in Aichi-præfekturet Zen-buddhisme Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
Musō Soseki, en fremtrædende skikkelse inden for japansk kunst og spiritualitet, blev født i 1275 og gik bort den 20. oktober 1351. For et glimt af den stil, han inspirerede, kan man udforske værker som Li Yanshans "landskab i stilen fra Zhan Jingfeng", som, selvom det ikke direkte tilskrives Musō Soseki, afspejler den vedvarende indflydelse fra hans kunstneriske tilgang.
53of 99
Italian Born in Pisa Gothic Art Wikipedia in 11/32 languages
Orcagna's Legacy: Andrea Orcagna’s influence is undeniable in Traini’s compositional strategies and expressive dynamism. Orcagna championed the concept of “naturalis dispositio,” prioritizing spatial realism to communicate theological ideas effectively—a principle that Traini wholeheartedly embraced.
54of 99
Italian Born in Bologna International Gothic Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
His legacy is found in: The Synthesis of Styles: The seamless integration of Riminese color palettes with Giottesque structural depth. As we look back upon his prolific career, Vitale remains a cornerstone of Italian art, a painter who captured the transition from the medieval soul to the Renaissance mind with unparalleled grace and spiritual power. His works, scattered across prestigious locations such as Pomposa Abbey and Udine Cathedral, serve as windows into a world where the divine and the earthly were intimately entwined.
55of 99
Kurdish Born in Erbil Company Style
Zain al-Din’s prominence grew during a period of significant change in India, as the power of the Mughal Empire waned and British influence expanded. This era saw the emergence of what is now known as the “Company style” of painting—a hybrid aesthetic favored by British officials and collectors who sought realistic depictions of Indian life, flora, and fauna. The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford holds several examples of his work, including exquisite depictions of mountain-rats, hanging bats, parrots, and storks—each painting a miniature world unto itself.
56of 99
Spanish Gothic-Italian
Born around 1357 and passing away in 1406, his life coincided with a period of significant artistic and cultural change across Europe, yet he maintained a distinctly Catalan sensibility throughout his career. The city was a vibrant hub for trade and artistic exchange, exposed to influences from Italy, France, and Flanders.
57of 99
Mexicansk Born in Tenochtitlan Mesoamerikansk kunst
De kunstneriske traditioner opstod i begyndelsen af det 14. århundrede i Tenochtitlan, hjertet af Aztekerriget, og var dybt forankret i arven fra tidligere mesoamerikanske civilisationer. Olmekerne, med deres kolossale hoveder og sofistikerede kalendersystemer, Teotihuacan-folket, berømt for deres massive pyramider og byplanlægning, og Toltekerne, mestre i metalarbejde og skulptur, bidrog alle til den rige kunstneriske vævning, som aztekerne arvede.
58of 99
Chinese Born in Taizhou Yuan dynasty calligraphy
Some of his most notable achievements include: Teaching on Enlightenment: A masterpiece written in running script that is currently held within the prestigious collection of the Tokyo National Museum in Japan, recognized as a National Treasure.
59of 99
Italian Byzantine-influenced art; Gothic art
Born into a lineage of painters, likely the son of Martino and brother to Marco, Paolo’s very existence was woven into the fabric of Venetian artistic tradition. His formative years were steeped in the luminous, spiritual grandeur of Byzantine art, a tradition brought to the Venetian lagoons through trade and deep ecclesiastical ties to Constantinople. His ability to blend the following elements created a style that was uniquely "Venetian": Luminous Color Palettes: Drawing from the Byzantine tradition to create depth and spiritual radiance.
60of 99
Italian Born in Perugia Renaissance
Serving as a supervising architect and decorator, Matteo played an instrumental role in shaping this monumental edifice, which stands as a testament to Florentine civic pride and the intellectual aspirations of the merchant class.
61of 99
Born in Nanjing
Through his relocation of the capital, his naval voyages, and his massive infrastructure projects like the reconstruction of the Grand Canal, Zhu Di ensured that the House of Zhu would be etched into the very foundation of Chinese history.
62of 99
Catalan Born in Avinyonet del Penedès Gothic painting
Born around 1285 in the small town of Avinyonet del Penedès, his early life remains shrouded in some mystery, yet the documented evidence reveals a trajectory marked by both diligent craftsmanship and royal favor. His ability to synthesize diverse stylistic elements—French elegance, Sienese refinement, and Giottesque drama—resulted in a visual language that was both innovative and deeply rooted in its cultural context.
63of 99
Italian Born in Modena Late Gothic Wikipedia in 15/32 languages
Tommaso Barisini, commonly known as Tommaso da Modena and sometimes referred to as Tomaso Baffini (c. 1325 – 1379), stands as one of the most prominent figures in Northern Italian painting during the mid-14th century—a period marked by burgeoning artistic innovation and profound spiritual reflection. His unwavering commitment to naturalistic representation—coupled with his masterful command of perspective—established a precedent for Renaissance artists seeking to emulate the grandeur and clarity of classical art forms.
64of 99
Italian Born in Bologna Renaissance, Proto-Renaissance
D'Avanzi’s style occupies a fascinating position within the transition from Gothic art to the early Renaissance. He wasn’t alone in this pursuit; Altichiero da Zevio, with whom he frequently collaborated, shared similar artistic concerns.
65of 99
Italiensk Born in San Quirico d'Orcia Naturalisme, Proto-renæssance Wikipedia in 10/32 languages
Lorenzettis mest varige eftermæle ligger i hans pionerarbejde med naturalisme inden for sienesisk kunst. I modsætning til de overvejende symbolske og flade perspektiver i tidligere værker, stræbte Lorenzetti efter at skabe en følelende dybde og tredimensionalitet på lærredet.
Key works · The 100 most famous works
The Coronation of the Virgin, and Saints
Madonna and Child
Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saint John the Evangelist, Saint Peter, Saint Agnes, Saint Catherine of Alexandria, Saint Lucy, an Unidentified Female Saint, Saint Paul, and Saint John the Baptist, with Eve and the Serpent; the Annunciation66of 99
Italian Born in Florence Early Italian painter Wikipedia in 14/32 languages
His output includes a variety of formats, from devotional panels to architectural elements: Frescoes: The narrative cycles in the San Silvestro chapel, Santa Croce, Florence. Sculpture and Architecture: A marble statue located on the Florentine campanile and various works attributed to his hand in the Florentine school.
67of 99
Yuan dynasty Born in Jiashan County Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
The brush of Wu Zhen moved with a particular intent, seeking to capture the essence of the natural world through landscape paintings and the delicate forms of bamboo. He achieved a rare unity known as the Three Perfections, where the boundaries between different disciplines began to dissolve. His influence reached far beyond his own lifetime, as he was recognized as one of the Four Yuan Masters, alongside Huang Gongwang, Ni Zan, and Wang Meng.
68of 99
Florentine Born in Florence Later Gothic Wikipedia in 10/32 languages
His later Gothic style reflects this integration of Sienese elements. The tension between these traditions defines his artistic output: The foundational weight of Giotto’s legacy.
Pupil of Taddeo Gaddi #6 · Teacher of Spinello Aretino #12
69of 99
Italian Born in Florence Early Renaissance Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
Menabuoi’s distinctive style transcends simple categorization, reflecting a complex interplay between Byzantine iconography and Florentine Proto-Renaissance aesthetics. Unlike many of his contemporaries who embraced the burgeoning realism championed by artists like Altichiero and Jacopo d'Avanzi, Menabuoi prioritized conveying spiritual emotion over meticulous anatomical accuracy—a hallmark of Giotto’s artistic vision. Giotto's Legacy: As a student of Giotto, Menabuoi absorbed Giotto’s expressive technique—characterized by elongated figures and emotionally charged gestures—establishing a crucial link between Florentine artistic tradition and Byzantine influences.
70of 99
French Born in Hesdin International Gothic Wikipedia in 13/32 languages
Grandes Heures: Another important illuminated manuscript commissioned by the Duke of Berry. Petites Heures: A smaller-scale book of hours, also demonstrating Jacquemart’s skill in illumination. Historical Significance: Jacquemart de Hesdin played a vital role in the artistic renewal during the late 14th and early 15th centuries.
71of 99
Italian Born in Viterbo Early Italian Renaissance
In the heart of fourteenth-century Italy, amidst the spiritual awakening of the early Renaissance, the name Matteo Giovanetti emerged as a beacon of devotional mastery. His life’s work serves as a vital bridge between the rigid, symbolic traditions of the Gothic period and the burgeoning naturalism that would soon define the Italian Renaissance.
72of 99
Japan Born in Yamashiro Zen buddhism art
Unlike the flamboyant styles prevalent during Nanbokuchō, Gukyoku's approach prioritized conveying spiritual essence over visual spectacle. He favored ink wash techniques (sumi-e), utilizing varying shades of black to create textured surfaces that mirrored the natural world—particularly landscapes reminiscent of Mount Yoshino, a sacred site venerated by Zen monks. His meticulous technique and contemplative aesthetic established precedents for subsequent generations of Zen painters, emphasizing simplicity, directness, and an unwavering focus on capturing the essence of Buddhist thought.
73of 99
Chinese Zen Buddhism
In the quiet, meditative corridors of history, few figures loom as large or as transformative as Seisetsu Shōchō (1274–1339).
74of 99
Italian Born in Siena Sienese school
He possessed a rare, intuitive grasp of how to marry the ancient, ethereal majesty of Byzantine iconography with the burgeoning humanism and spatial curiosity emerging from Florence. This stylistic evolution is perhaps most evident in his ability to balance: The Byzantine influence, which provided the sacred, unmoving grandeur of the divine. Whether through the intimate grace of his Madonna and Child compositions or the solemnity of his depictions of saints, Bulgarini’s work captures the spiritual heartbeat of an era.
75of 99
Japanese Born in Hara Zen painting
Hsieh Ho’s approach to capturing atmospheric effects through subtle shifts in hue and tone resonated deeply with Tettō's own desire to convey emotion and spiritual depth within his works. His compositions frequently featured sweeping vistas and dynamic brushstrokes, reflecting both the natural world and the internal landscapes of Zen meditation. His bold use of color and expressive brushwork served as an inspiration for subsequent generations of artists, including those who followed in the footsteps of the Ōtōkan school.
76of 99
Italian Born in Modena Byzantine-influenced Lombard Painting Wikipedia in 12/32 languages
Born around 1328 in Modena (Emilia), he emerged from obscurity to become arguably the first Lombard painter of considerable renown, leaving behind an impressive oeuvre that testifies to his unwavering devotion to this venerable artistic heritage. His activity spanned Lombardy, Piedmont, and Pisa in Tuscany, establishing him as a pivotal artist within the burgeoning cultural dynamism of the era.
77of 99
German-Bohemian Born in Schwäbisch Gmünd Late Gothic
In the heart of the Late Middle Ages, a period defined by soaring spires and profound devotion, Peter Parler emerged as one of the most influential architects and sculptors of his era. Known variously as Peter von Gemünd or Petr Parléř, his identity was inextricably linked to the Parler family, a lineage of craftsmen whose influence stretched across much of Central Europe.
78of 99
Italiensk Born in Barcelona Tidlig renæssance
Bonanat Descoll I De Santcliment var en catalansk admiral for kronen Aragonien i det 14. århundrede. Han blev født i Barcelona, Spanien, i 1310 og døde i 1390. Bonanat Descoll I De Santcliment var ikke blot en dygtig militær leder, men også en fuldendt kunstner.
79of 99
Chinese Born in Beijing Landscape Art
Understanding Yuan art requires delving into its complex context: the ambition of Kublai Khan to unite Eurasia under Mongol rule, coupled with a burgeoning intellectual elite eager to embrace new ideas and traditions. He actively supported artists like Wang Meng and Zhao Yuan, commissioning monumental landscapes and intricate calligraphy scrolls that celebrated imperial grandeur and Confucian ideals. The Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368), established by Kublai Khan, represents a singular moment in Chinese history – the first time a foreign power successfully ruled over all of China.
80of 99
Italian Born in Verona Trecento art
He is often credited with contributions to the equestrian statue of Cangrande della Scala, a powerful symbol of Scaliger authority, and even implicated in the design of Mastino II della Scala’s tomb within the Arche scaligere complex.
81of 99
Italian Born in Siena Gothic Art
The Virgin of the Annunciation, found in various iterations across several museums, exemplifies his mature style. The composition typically depicts the Angel Gabriel kneeling before Mary, delivering the news of Christ’s birth. Yet, unlike Simone’s increasingly internationalized aesthetic, Domenico remained firmly rooted in the Sienese tradition.
82of 99
Italian Gothic Art Italy
Siena’s artistic climate was characterized by a distinctive emphasis on grace, refined detail, and narrative clarity – qualities that would become hallmarks of Agnolo’s own work. The influence of Nicola Pisano and his son Giovanni, prominent sculptors active in Pisa and Florence, cannot be discounted, as their innovations in depicting classical forms and emotional expression were widely admired throughout Tuscany. He frequently collaborated with painters, as seen in the Monument to Tarlati, highlighting the interconnectedness of artistic disciplines during the 14th century.
83of 99
Italian Born in Milan Gothic
However, he also absorbed influences from Northern European sculpture traditions, particularly those emanating from France and Germany, demonstrating a cosmopolitan outlook that characterized the artistic landscape of his era.
84of 99
Italian Born in Arezzo Humanist poetry
Born in Arezzo, Italy, in 1304 as Francesco Patriarca – later adopting the name Francesco Petrarca – this artist was more than just a painter; he was a pivotal figure in the burgeoning Italian Renaissance. His family, prominent Florentine notaries, faced exile due to the turbulent power struggles between the White and Black Guelphs. Furthermore, Petracco's connection to the exiled poet Dante Alighieri – both sharing political exile from Florence – undoubtedly shaped his artistic outlook.
85of 99
Born in Siena
A significant partnership was formed with Agnolo di Ventura, culminating in their joint execution of the cenotaph of Guido Tarlati in the Cathedral of Arezzo (signed and dated 1330). Vasari also mentions collaborations on commissions from the commune of Siena, including the Porta Romana and the iconic Torre del Mangia.
86of 99
Japanese Born in Tokyo Zen Buddhism
Yūbai’s disciples, including Akamatsu Norimura and Akamatsu Norisuke, diligently upheld his legacy—propagating Zen philosophy and artistic traditions throughout Japan.
87of 99
Egyptian Born in Cairo Islamic Art
Sultan Al-Malik Al-Zahir Abu Sa’id Barquq, a name resonating through the annals of Mamluk Egypt, stands as a pivotal figure in the 14th-century Islamic world.
88of 99
Italian Born in Certaldo Humanism precursor
Born amidst the rolling landscapes of Certaldo in 1313, Giovanni Boccaccio emerged as a vital force in the cultural landscape of the fourteenth century. As one of the legendary "Three Crowns" of Italian literature—standing alongside the giants Dante Alighieri and Petrarch—his life served as a bridge between the medieval world and the dawning light of the Renaissance.
89of 99
Japanese Buddhist Art
While the Nanboku-chō period was defined by conflict between rival courts, Kōgon’s focus on Buddhist art provided a sense of cultural continuity and spiritual stability. He successfully utilized the medium of painting to assert a form of authority that was not dependent on military might, but on moral and religious prestige. Emperor Kōgon (1313–1364) was not merely a sovereign navigating a period of profound instability; he was a visionary patron whose devotion to Buddhist iconography helped reshape the aesthetic soul of Northern Japan.
90of 99
Japanese Born in Tokyo Rinzai Zen
Early Life & Artistic Formation: Little biographical detail survives concerning Genkō’s formative years; he emerged from obscurity as a student of Zen at Nara Temple, establishing a foundation for his lifelong devotion to the Dharma.
91of 99
Italian Born in Sant Joan de les Abadès Sienese painting, Gothic influence
92of 99
English Born in Norwich Medieval Mysticism
Through these spiritual windows, she glimpsed a God characterized not by distant judgment, but by an overwhelming, compassionate intimacy. She famously portrayed the divine as a nurturing force, a Father whose love sustains all of creation.
93of 99
Italian Born in Florence Renaissance Painting Wikipedia in 10/32 languages
The significance of Nardo di Cione lies in his ability to bridge the gap between the rigid traditions of the medieval period and the burgeoning humanism of the Renaissance. To study Nardo is to witness the evolution of the Florentine spirit: Technical Versatility: The seamless integration of sculptural depth with painterly fluidity. His early training under Maestro Piero Bargellini, a distinguished sculptor and painter, provided him with a unique dual perspective.
94of 99
Egyptian Born in Amarna Ancient Egyptian Art
Each artifact—from the delicate ebony rods inscribed with sacred hieroglyphs to the iconic, shimmering golden mask —embodies an idealized vision of royal divinity.
95of 99
Italian Born in Modena Giottesque & Bolognese
One of his most celebrated achievements, the Coronation of the Virgin, bears a proud inscription dating the work to March 1385, serving as a permanent testament to his hand. Beyond the cathedral walls, Serafini’s influence extended into other significant religious sites, such as the Church of San Francesco in Mantua. In the twilight of the fourteenth century, amidst the architectural grandeur of Northern Italy, the name Serafino Serafini emerged as a vital, if enigmatic, force in the evolution of late medieval painting.
96of 99
Italian Venetian Gothic
In 1354, a conspiracy involving Doge Marino Faliero was uncovered, and Calendario was caught in the violent aftermath.
97of 99
Italian Born in Pietrantonella Late Medieval Art
Beyond the physical permanence of his marble reliefs, Antonio Baboccio da Piperno’s true significance lies in the lineage of talent he helped cultivate. In the twilight of the Middle Ages, as the rigid structures of the Gothic era began to soften under the burgeoning light of the Renaissance, there emerged a master whose hands shaped the very identity of Neapolitan grandeur.
98of 99
Italian Born in Tosa Byzantine art
He was deeply influenced by Giotto di Bondone, whose revolutionary approach to depicting human emotion and space began to permeate the region. Giotto's innovations—a move away from the stylized, flattened forms of Byzantine art towards greater naturalism and psychological depth —were skillfully absorbed and adapted by his Pistoian disciple. While his name—a label bestowed upon him due to a fresco depicting the miracle of the Virgin Mary in Santa Maria delle Grazie, Pistoia—offers little insight into his personal identity, his paintings speak volumes about the artistic currents shaping Tuscany at the time.
99of 99
Japanese Zen Buddhist Art
Iconographic Mastery: His definitive treatments of Fudō Myōō set a standard for the depiction of Esoteric Buddhist deities.
The paintings behind the names
Through time
In figures
| Italy | 38 |
|---|---|
| Italien | 17 |
| Japan | 10 |
| China | 4 |
| Spain | 3 |
| France | 3 |
| Egypt | 3 |
| People's Republic of China | 2 |
| 1270s | 4 |
|---|---|
| 1280s | 9 |
| 1290s | 11 |
| 1300s | 9 |
| 1310s | 8 |
| 1320s | 12 |
| 1330s | 13 |
| 1340s | 9 |
| 1350s | 15 |
| 1360s | 9 |
All of them, in order
Simone MartiniItaliensk · 1284–1344Andrej RubljovRussisk · 1360–1430Ambrogio Lorenzetti1290–1348Pietro LorenzettiItaliensk · 1280–1348Hubert Van EyckHollandsk · 1366–1426Taddeo GaddiItaliensk · 1300–1366Agnolo GaddiItaliensk · 1350–1396Theofanes grækerenGræsk · 1335–1410Paolo Veneziano1333–1358Lippo Memmi1291–1356AltichieroItalian · 1330–1390Spinello AretinoItaliensk · 1350–1410Bernardo DaddiItaliensk · 1290–1348Andrea PisanoItaliensk · 1290–1348Niccolò Di TommasoItalian · 1346–1376Ni ZanKinesisk · 1301–1374Andrea Di Cione Di Arcangelo (Orcagna)Italian · 1308–1368OrcagnaItalian · 1315–1368Giovanni Da MilanoItaliensk · 1346–1369Barna Da SienaItalian · 1330–1380Wang MengChinese · 1308–1385Cresques AbrahamSpanish · 1325–1387Nicolas BatailleFrench · 1330–1405Lorenzo VenezianoItaliensk · 1336–1379Segna Di BuonaventureItalian · 1298–1326Cennino CenniniItalian · 1360–1440Ugolino Di Nerio1280–1330Taddeo di BartoloItalian · 1362–1422Lippo Di BenivieniItalian · 1296–1327Zhao YuanChinese · born 1350Andrea Di BartoloItalian · 1360–1428Lorenzo di BicciItalian · 1350–1427Melchior BroederlamBelgian · 1355–1410Bicci Di LorenzoItaliensk · 1350–1427Gherardo StarninaItalian · 1354–1413Jean PucelleFrench · 1300–1334Andrea di BonaiutoItaliensk · 1343–1379Guariento di ArpoItalian · 1310–1370Giovanni Del BiondoItalian · 1356–1399Claus SluterHollandsk · 1355–1406Kokan ShirenJapanese · 1278–1346Jacopo di CioneItalian · 1325–1399Bartolo Di FrediItalian · 1330–1410Conrad von SoestGerman · 1360–1423TuthmosisEgyptian · 1340–1300Giovanni da MilanoItalian · 1325–1370Master BertramGerman · 1345–1415Agostino Di GiovanniItalian · 1285–1347Ashikaga Yoshimitsu1358–1408André BeauneveuNetherlandish · 1335–1403Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino)Italian · 1330–1380Musō SosekiJapansk · 1275–1351Francesco TrainiItalian · 1321–1365Vitale Da BolognaItalian · 1289–1359Sheikh Zain Al-DinKurdish · born 1325Pere SerraSpanish · 1357–1406AztekerrigetMexicansk · 1300–1521Liaoan QingyuChinese · 1288–1363Marco Di Paolo VenezianoItalian · born 1362Matteo Di Ser CambioItalian · 1351–1424Zhu Di1360–1424Ferrer BassaCatalan · 1285–1348Tommaso Da ModenaItalian · 1326–1379Jacopo AvanziItalian · 1350–1416Paolo Di Giovanni FeiItaliensk · 1345–1411GiottinoItalian · 1324–1372Wu ZhenYuan dynasty · 1280–1354Jacopo del CasentinoFlorentine · 1297–1358Giusto De' MenabuoiItalian · 1330–1393Jacquemart de HesdinFrench · 1350–1410Matteo GiovanettiItalian · 1322–1368Reisai GukyokuJapan · 1363–1452Qingzhuo Zhengcheng, Ch'Ing-Cho Cheng-Ch'EngChinese · 1274–1339Bartolommeo BulgariniItalian · 1305–1378Gikō TettōJapanese · 1295–1369Barnaba Da ModenaItalian · 1328–1386Peter ParlerGerman-Bohemian · 1330–1399Bonanat Descoll I De SantclimentItaliensk · 1310–1390Yuan DynastyChinese · 1271–1368Giovanni Di RiginoItalian · born 1315Domenico Di AgostinoItalian · 1317–1366Agnolo Di VenturaItalian · 1290–1349Giovanni Da CampioneItalian · 1320–1375Francesco Di PetraccoItalian · 1304–1374Giovanni d'Agostino1285–1347Sesson YūbaiJapanese · 1290–1347Sultan Al-Malik Al-Zahir Abu Sa’Id BarquqEgyptian · 1339–1399Giovanni Di Chellino BoccaccioItalian · 1313–1375Emperor KōgonJapanese · 1313–1364Jakushitsu GenkōJapanese · 1290–1367Bernat Saulet I El Taller De Sant Joan De Les AbadessesItalian · 1341–1342Mother JulianEnglish · born 1343Nardo di CioneItalian · 1320–1366TutankhamenEgyptian · 1345–1327Serafino SerafiniItalian · 1324–1393Filippo CalendarioItalian · 1315–1355Antonio Baboccio Da PipernoItalian · 1351–1435Zekkai ChūshinItalian · 1336–1405Ryūshū ShūtakuJapanese · 1307–1388Your questions, answered
First place goes to Simone Martini (#1); Andrej Rubljov (#2) and Ambrogio Lorenzetti (#3) complete the podium.
Simone Martini (#1), Andrej Rubljov (#2), Ambrogio Lorenzetti (#3), Pietro Lorenzetti (#4) and Hubert Van Eyck (#5).
Siena: 13 of the artists in this list were born there.
Italy: 38 of the 99 artists in this list were born there, then Italien (17) and Japan (10).
The highest-ranked artists born in Italy are Altichiero (#11), Niccolò Di Tommaso (#15), Andrea Di Cione Di Arcangelo (Orcagna) (#17), Orcagna (#18) and Barna Da Siena (#20).
Taddeo Gaddi (#6) taught Agnolo Gaddi (#7) and Jacopo Del Casentino (Jacopo Landino) (#51); Simone Martini (#1) taught Lippo Memmi (#10); Spinello Aretino (#12) taught Lorenzo di Bicci (#32).
The earliest-born artist in this list is Yuan Dynasty (#79), born in 1271.
The highest-ranked living artists in this list are Zhao Yuan (#30), Sheikh Zain Al-Din (#55), Marco Di Paolo Veneziano (#59), Giovanni Di Rigino (#80) and Mother Julian (#92).
The museums holding the most key works of this list are Metropolitan Museum of Art (16), Harvard Art Museums (6) and Gemäldegalerie (6).
Most artists in this list were born in the 1350s (15 of 99), between 1271 and 1366 overall.
The highest-ranked artists born in Italien are Simone Martini (#1), Ambrogio Lorenzetti (#3), Pietro Lorenzetti (#4), Taddeo Gaddi (#6) and Agnolo Gaddi (#7).
Our catalogue holds 1,483 works by these artists. Each one can be ordered as a hand-painted oil reproduction or a print.
Keep reading
Other movements
Famous Baroque artistsNattevagten · Rembrandt Van Rijn
Famous Contemporary Realist artistsGlanskerne · Jean-François Millet
Famous Impressionist artistsStjernevisningen (New York, MoMA) · Vincent Van Gogh
Famous Romanticist artistsSaturn fortærende sin søn · Francisco Goya
Famous Neoclassicist artistsMarats død · Jacques-Louis David
Famous Realist artistsVerdens fødsel · Gustave Courbet
Famous Renaissance artistsMona Lisa (La Gioconda) · Leonardo Da Vinci
Famous Dutch Golden Age artistsJohannes Vermeer · Johannes Vermeer
Famous Expressionist artistsKomposition VII · Vasilij Kandinskij
Famous Rococo artistsAnkomst til Cythéra · Antoine WatteauOther periods
Famous Early Medieval artistsSnowy River · Wang Wei
Famous High Medieval artistsMadonna in Maest (Ognissanti Madonna) · Giotto Di Bondone
Famous Renaissance artistsAdams skabelse · Michelangelo
Famous Early Modern artistsKaldet til at være Matthæus · Michelangelo di Caravaggio
Famous 19th Century artistsÅkander (eller Nympheas) · Claude Monet
Famous Modern artistsGuernica · Pablo Picasso
Famous Contemporary artistsWind Sculpture III (one in a series of nine) · Yinka ShonibareMore rankings
![Saint Mary Magdalene, with an Angel [left panel] by Pietro Lorenzetti](/media/artworks/images-thumb/56/70/567081333697abce62276a169dde6184.jpg)
![Madonna of Humility, The Blessing Christ, Two Angels, and a Donor [obverse] by Andrea Di Bartolo](/media/artworks/images-thumb/f3/31/f3317163438ed194835309786408ef36.jpg)
![[Appointment of Romeu Desplà as administrator and notary for the works of the galleys at the Drassanes (shipyards) of Barcelona]\n\nAppointment by Bonanat Descoll I De Santcliment](/media/artworks/images-thumb/64/e7/64e7531469fd5686ef82dea4779099f0.jpg)
![Madonna and Child, with the Man of Sorrows [middle panel] by Nardo di Cione](/media/artworks/images-thumb/e7/94/e79409458fed83bbe93b0c9d286bc95e.jpg)
