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The Kitchen garden

Joaquín Carvallo: Spanish doctor & artist who restored Château de Villandry's stunning gardens. Explore his botanical paintings & 17th-century art collection.

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The Ornamental Kitchen Garden is the high point of the gardens of Villandry. In a purely Renaissance style, it consists of nine patches all of the same size, but each with a different geometric motif of vegetables and flowers. The patches are planted with vegetables in alternating colours – blue leek, red cabbage and beetroot, jade green carrot tops, etc. – giving the impression of a multicoloured chessboard.Joachim Carvallo paid particular attention to the design of the Kitchen Garden, as shown by the scientific approach he took to providing the freshly restored chateau with fitting gardens. By crossing the results of archeological digs, old plans and literary sources such as Les Plus Excellents Bâtiments de France by Jacques I Androuet du Cerceau and the Monasticum Gallicanum, Carvallo gained an insight into how the gardens might have been in the 16th century.The vegetable garden has its origins in the Middle Ages. Monks liked to lay out their vegetable patches in geometric shapes. The many crosses in the Kitchen Garden at Villandry evoke these monastic origins. In addition, to liven up their patches, the monks would add rose plants, whose blooms also served to decorate the statues of the Virgin Marie. According to an old tradition, the roses, planted symmetrically, symbolise the monk digging his vegetable patch.The second influence comes from Italy. In the Renaissance, Italian gardens were enriched with decorative elements, fountains, arbours and flower beds, skillfully laid out to divert the stroller, thus transforming the “jardin utilitaire“, or ‘utilitarian garden’, into a “jardin d’agrément“, or ‘ornamental garden’.French gardeners in the 16th century thus combined these two sources of inspiration – French monastic and Italian – to create the garden they needed for roses and the new vegetables from the Americas, which they called a “potager décoratif”, or ‘decorative kitchen garden’.Here are some technical details about the Kitchen Garden:- Two plantings are made each year: one in spring, which remains in place from March to June; the other in summer, from June to November.- Forty species of vegetable belonging to eight plant families are used each year.- The layout of the vegetables changes with each planting, both for the purpose of achieving harmony of colours and forms, and due to horticultural constraints requiring triennial crop rotation to avoid exhausting the soil.- Watering is carried out by an automatic irrigation system buried in the ground.

艺术家简介

Joaquín Carvallo: The Doctor, the Gardener, and the Soul of Villandry

Joaquín Carvallo (1869-1936) was a figure of remarkable duality – a respected Spanish medical doctor and researcher, and an equally passionate, albeit largely unsung, creator of one of France’s most celebrated gardens. Born in Don Benito, Spain, his life unfolded across continents, culminating in the breathtaking restoration of Château de Villandry, transforming it from a crumbling relic into a vibrant testament to French horticultural artistry. Carvallo's story is not simply that of an artist; it’s one of intellectual curiosity, serendipitous encounters, and a profound love for both medicine and beauty.

Carvallo’s early life was marked by academic achievement. He studied at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, quickly establishing himself as a brilliant physician. His medical career led him to Paris, where he joined the research team of Dr. Charles Richet, a pioneer in physiology and a Nobel laureate (1913). This association exposed Carvallo to cutting-edge scientific inquiry, particularly in the field of digestion – a subject that would later inform his meticulous approach to garden design. However, it was an unexpected meeting that irrevocably altered the course of his life: through a chance encounter with Ann Coleman, an intern from Lebanon, Pennsylvania, he fell deeply in love. Miss Coleman, inheriting a substantial business fortune, shared a keen interest in art and architecture, and together they embarked on a journey far removed from the sterile environment of Parisian laboratories.

A Love Affair and a Dream Takes Root

The couple’s relocation to France was driven by both love and a shared vision. They sought refuge in a peaceful setting, eventually acquiring the dilapidated Château de Villandry in the Loire Valley. The château, originally constructed in 1536, had fallen into disrepair over centuries, its magnificent gardens largely forgotten. Ann Coleman’s considerable wealth provided the means to realize Carvallo's ambitious dream: to restore the château and its gardens to their former glory – a task that would consume much of his remaining years. This wasn’t merely a restoration project; it was an attempt to recapture the essence of French garden design, a deliberate act of cultural revival.

Carvallo's medical background profoundly influenced his approach to gardening. He meticulously studied historical treatises on horticulture, particularly those attributed to André Le Nôtre, the renowned designer of Versailles. He understood that a garden was not simply an arrangement of plants but a carefully orchestrated composition – a reflection of mathematical precision, geometric harmony, and a deep appreciation for natural forms. His work involved painstaking research into ancient techniques, employing innovative irrigation systems, and selecting plants that would thrive in the Loire Valley’s climate.

A Collection of Art and a Legacy of Beauty

Beyond his horticultural endeavors, Carvallo cultivated a remarkable collection of Spanish art from the 17th century. This passion for art mirrored his appreciation for beauty in all its forms – a sensibility that permeated both his medical practice and his garden design. The château’s walls now display works by masters such as Zurbarán, Alonso Cano, Juan de Arellano, and Berruguete, reflecting the couple's refined taste and their commitment to preserving cultural heritage. The collection stands as a testament to their shared love of art and their desire to create a space that embodied both beauty and intellectual curiosity.

Villandry Today: A Living Masterpiece

Today, Château de Villandry remains one of France’s most popular tourist destinations. Its spectacular gardens – a breathtaking display of geometric patterns, water features, and meticulously arranged flowerbeds – continue to captivate visitors from around the world. Henri Carvallo, the doctor's great-grandson, carries on his ancestor’s legacy, diligently maintaining and expanding the gardens while preserving their historical integrity. The work of Joaquín Carvallo is not confined to a single discipline; it represents a harmonious blend of medicine, art, horticulture, and a profound respect for the past – a testament to a life lived with passion, purpose, and an unwavering dedication to beauty.

joaquín carvallo

joaquín carvallo

1869 - 1936 , Spain

基本信息

  • Artistic Movement Or Style: Botanical Art
  • Artists Or Movements Influenced By This Artist:
    • Zurbarán
    • Alonso Cano
    • Juan de Arellano
    • Berruguete
  • Artists Who Influenced This Artist: ['Charles Richet']
  • Date Of Birth: 1869
  • Date Of Death: 1936
  • Full Name: Joaquín Carvallo”
  • Nationality: Spanish
  • Notable Artworks:
    • Aerial view - The Kitchen garden
    • French la femme et le
  • Place Of Birth: Don Benito, Spain