Robert Borlase Smart: A Cornish Visionary of Light and Landscape
Robert Borlase Smart, a name perhaps less familiar than some of his St Ives contemporaries, nevertheless stands as a pivotal figure in the development of British Impressionism and a profoundly insightful observer of the Cornish coast. Born in Kingsbridge, Devon, in 1881, Smart’s artistic journey was shaped by a deep connection to the land – specifically, the rugged beauty of Cornwall – and a relentless pursuit of capturing its ever-changing light and atmosphere. His life wasn't merely a career; it was an immersion into the spirit of a region undergoing a remarkable artistic renaissance.
Smart’s early training laid the groundwork for his distinctive style. He began his formal studies at Plymouth Art College, honing his skills before moving to London and ultimately finding his true calling in St Ives. It was here, during the 1910s and beyond, that he became inextricably linked with the burgeoning St Ives School of artists – a group united by their desire to paint *en plein air* and to explore the unique qualities of the Cornish landscape. Unlike some of his more flamboyant colleagues, Smart’s approach remained grounded in meticulous observation and a deep understanding of color theory. He wasn't interested in simply depicting a scene; he sought to convey its essence – the feeling of wind-swept cliffs, the shimmer of sunlight on the sea, the subtle shifts in tone that defined the Cornish light.
The Influence of Place and Technique
Smart’s artistic identity was inextricably linked to his location. The dramatic coastline of Cornwall, with its towering granite cliffs, sheltered coves, and ever-present ocean, provided an endless source of inspiration. He frequently painted from his studio at Porthmeor Studios in St Ives, a space that afforded him unparalleled access to the sea and the surrounding landscape. His work is characterized by a remarkable sensitivity to light – he was particularly adept at capturing the fleeting effects of sunlight on water and rock, often employing broken brushstrokes and vibrant color palettes to create a sense of immediacy and movement.
Technically, Smart’s approach involved a careful balance between observation and intuition. He meticulously studied the way light interacted with his subjects, but he also allowed himself to be guided by his own artistic instincts. His use of color was particularly noteworthy – he favored bold, expressive hues that were often derived from nature itself. He wasn't afraid to experiment with complementary colors, creating a sense of visual excitement and dynamism in his paintings. He frequently used a technique of layering thin washes of paint, building up the image gradually until it achieved the desired effect.
Key Works and Artistic Development
Several of Smart’s paintings stand as testaments to his skill and vision. “Ebb Tide on the Reef” (1920), for example, captures the raw power of the Cornish coast with remarkable precision – the turbulent waves crashing against the rocks, the dramatic interplay of light and shadow, all rendered with a palpable sense of energy. “Construction of Burrator Reservoir” (1913) offers a fascinating glimpse into the industrial landscape of Cornwall, depicting the scale and ambition of this ambitious engineering project while simultaneously capturing the beauty of the surrounding countryside. “Morning Light, St Ives” (1922) is perhaps his most celebrated work, a luminous depiction of the town bathed in the golden light of early morning – a quintessential example of his mastery of color and atmosphere.
Throughout his career, Smart’s style evolved subtly but consistently. Initially influenced by the Impressionists, he gradually developed a more personal and expressive approach, incorporating elements of Post-Impressionism and even hinting at aspects of Fauvism in his use of color. His later works are characterized by a greater sense of lyricism and emotional depth, reflecting his growing understanding of the human condition.
A Legacy Within the St Ives School
Robert Borlase Smart’s contribution to the St Ives School extends beyond his individual paintings. He was a generous mentor and supporter of younger artists, fostering a spirit of collaboration and experimentation within the group. His influence can be seen in the work of many subsequent painters who followed in his footsteps – artists such as Frank Bramley, William Wetton, and David Harding. Smart’s dedication to capturing the essence of Cornwall's landscape and his unwavering commitment to artistic excellence cemented his place as a key figure in the history of British art.
Despite facing personal challenges, including the loss of his wife, Smart continued to paint until his death in 1947. His legacy endures through his stunning body of work, which continues to captivate viewers with its evocative beauty and profound sense of place. His paintings remain a powerful reminder of the transformative power of art and the enduring allure of the Cornish coast.
