Giovanni Francesco Penni: A Florentine Mannerist Bridging Raphael and Naples Giovanni Francesco Penni (c. 1488/1496 – 1528), known affectionately as “il Fattore,” stands as a pivotal figure in the artistic landscape of Renaissance Italy, particularly during the fervent embrace of Mannerism. Born in Florence to a family involved in textile production—a profession that instilled an appreciation for meticulous detail and decorative splen…