Paper

Student Artwork Guide

Untitled 68

Name Class Date

Mark Rothko, Untitled 68. Reproduced for reference; rights reserved by the rights holder. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Mark Rothko wahooart.com/en/artists/mark-rothko/
Artist’s dates
1903 – 1970
Movement
Color Field Huge areas of flat, soft colour meant to be felt rather than read as a picture of anything.
Period
Modern
Artistic style
Color Field
Influences
Abstract Art
Notable elements
Blue, red stripes, central circle
Subject or theme
Void, existentialism

In context

Untitled 68 — Mark Rothko

When might this have been painted?

  1. 1900
  2. 1910
  3. 1920
  4. 1930
  5. 1940
  6. 1950
  7. 1960
  8. 1970

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 67 at death.

Shaded: the lifetime of Mark Rothko (1903–1970) every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1945 Main working years: 1945–1958 Late works: from 1958

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

This record has no exact year on file — using the artist's lifetime and the work's style, what decade would you guess?

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: wahooart.com/en/art/similar/mark-rothko-untitled-68-8BWUGD-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Gray #9d807b

    Catalogued palette

    • #9D807B
    • #B99D94
    • #7A4E51
    • #E7CAB0

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Neutrals The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Gray
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Serene How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Balanced Harmony How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Brilliant How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Subtle Color How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Mark Rothko over the last twelve months — 46 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 32.6%
    2. 2 Italy 17.9%
    3. 3 United States of America 7.7%
    4. 4 Brazil 5.3%
    5. 5 France 4.7%
    6. 6 Germany 4.1%
    7. 7 Greece 3.7%
    8. 8 Netherlands 3.0%
    9. 9 Spain 2.2%
    10. 10 United Kingdom 1.8%
    11. · 36 other countries 17.0%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by Mark Rothko

    1. 1 White Center, 1950 7.8%
    2. 2 No.61 (Rust and Blue), 1953 6.8%
    3. 3 No.1 3.3%
    4. 4 Red and Orange 3.1%
    5. 5 Orange and yellow, 1956 3.0%
    6. 6 Three 2.9%
    7. 7 AUTUMN 2.9%
    8. 8 No. 5 No. 22 2.6%
    9. 9 No. 13 (White, Red on Yellow), 1958 2.1%
    10. 10 Untitled, 1970 2.0%
    11. 11 Violet, Black, Orange, Yellow on White and Red, 1949 2.0%
    12. 12 Abstract painting 2.0%
    13. 13 Blue and gray, 1970 1.6%
    14. 14 Four Darks in Red, 1958 1.6%
    15. 15 Orange and Red on Red 1.6%
    16. 16 No.8, 1952 1.5%
    17. 17 Entrance to Subway (Subway Station.Subway Scene) 1.3%
    18. 18 Slow Swirl at the Edge of the Sea, 1944 1.2%
    19. 19 Untitled, 1964 1.2%
    20. — Untitled 68 this painting 0.0%

    Together these works take 50.5% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 460 works by this artist, of which 272 were looked at at least once. This painting has not been looked at yet in that time — it closes the list without a rank. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Untitled 68 — Mark Rothko

    Mark Rothko’s ‘Untitled 68’: A Descent into Color and Void

    Mark Rothko's 'Untitled 68' is not merely a painting; it’s an immersion, a carefully orchestrated descent into the depths of human emotion. Born in 1903 in Daugavpils, Latvia – a city steeped in history and shadowed by displacement – Rothko’s artistic trajectory was inextricably linked to his personal experiences. This particular work, executed with his signature layering technique, embodies the core tenets of Abstract Expressionism, yet possesses a uniquely introspective quality that transcends simple categorization. The canvas itself is dominated by a profound blue background, a color often associated with melancholy and spirituality, immediately establishing a contemplative mood. Within this oceanic expanse, a central circle – a void, an absence – commands attention, pulling the viewer into its enigmatic depths.

    Composition & Technique: Rothko’s method involved applying thin washes of color in horizontal layers, building up the image gradually. This technique, known as ‘marbling,’ creates a luminous effect and allows the colors to bleed subtly into one another, contributing to the painting's ethereal quality. The red stripes are not merely decorative; they act as disruptive elements, intensifying the emotional impact and preventing the eye from settling solely on the central void.

    Historical Context: Created during the height of Rothko’s career (1968), ‘Untitled 68’ reflects a period of intense artistic experimentation within Abstract Expressionism. Following the dominance of earlier figures like Jackson Pollock, Rothko sought to evoke profound emotional responses through simplified forms and saturated color fields – a reaction against the perceived superficiality of representational art.

    Decoding the Symbolism: Void, Color, and the Human Condition

    The central circle in ‘Untitled 68’ is arguably the most potent element of the work. Often interpreted as a void, an abyss, or even a representation of the eye itself, it invites contemplation on themes of mortality, loss, and the unknowable. Rothko himself resisted definitive interpretations, preferring to allow viewers to project their own emotions onto the canvas. The blue background further amplifies this sense of introspection, suggesting vastness, loneliness, and perhaps even spiritual yearning. The red stripes introduce a jarring counterpoint – a visceral reminder of human passion, pain, or struggle. Rothko’s intention was not to depict a specific scene or narrative but to tap into universal human experiences through the raw power of color and form.

    Color Psychology: Rothko's masterful use of color is central to the painting's emotional impact. Blue, as previously mentioned, evokes feelings of sadness, contemplation, and spirituality. Red, a traditionally passionate color, introduces an element of urgency and perhaps even danger, creating a dynamic tension within the composition.

    The Void as Metaphor: The void is not simply an absence; it’s a space for reflection, a reminder of our own impermanence, and a potential gateway to deeper understanding. It mirrors the existential anxieties that preoccupied Rothko throughout his life.

    Rothko's Legacy & the Emotional Resonance of ‘Untitled 68’

    ‘Untitled 68’ stands as a testament to Mark Rothko’s profound ability to translate personal anguish and philosophical inquiry into universally resonant art. His work continues to captivate viewers with its raw emotional power, prompting introspection and challenging conventional notions of representation. The painting's enduring appeal lies in its ambiguity – it doesn’t offer easy answers but instead invites the viewer to engage in a deeply personal dialogue. This piece exemplifies Rothko's belief that art should not merely be observed but felt, experienced on an emotional level.

    Art Decoration & Interior Design: The bold color palette and evocative composition of ‘Untitled 68’ make it a striking addition to any interior space. Its ability to evoke contemplation and create a sense of calm makes it particularly well-suited for meditation rooms, libraries, or other areas where quiet reflection is desired.

    Collecting Rothko: Owning a reproduction of 'Untitled 68' offers more than just an aesthetic addition; it’s an opportunity to connect with one of the most significant figures in 20th-century art and appreciate the enduring power of his vision.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Mark Rothko

    Born in Daugavpils, Latvia

    A Life Shaped by Displacement

    Mark Rothko arrived in the United States as a young boy, part of a family moving from Dvinsk, Latvia, to Portland, Oregon, in 1913. His early years were marked by the heavy atmosphere of the Pale of Settlement, where his family lived amidst political unrest and the fear of pogroms. This sense of instability followed him across the ocean. The loss of his father, Jacob, shortly after their arrival in America added a layer of personal grief to the challenges of settling in a new culture. While he studied at Yale University, the pull of New York City eventually led him to leave formal academics behind for the Art Students League.

    His upbringing was one of intellect and debate. His father, a pharmacist with socialist leanings, fostered a home where learning was central. This environment, combined with the hardships of the immigrant experience, created a deep sensitivity to human suffering. These early experiences of loss and the struggle to find a place in a chaotic world became the quiet foundation for everything he would later paint.

    From Figures to Fields of Color

    In his early years in New York, Rothko focused on realism, painting portraits and urban scenes with careful attention to detail. As the 1940s brought the horrors of World War II, his work began to shift. He moved away from recognizable objects, looking instead toward Surrealism and mythology to find a way to express universal human emotions. During this period, his canvases featured biomorphic shapes that seemed to float between being figures and being abstract forms.

    By the late 1940s, he had developed the style that would define his career. He stripped away all imagery, leaving only large-scale canvases with rectangular blocks of color. These forms appeared to hover and resonate against one another. He used thin washes of paint to create subtle changes in tone and texture, making the edges of his shapes appear blurred. He often avoided titles, using simple numbers like No. 1 or No. 6 so that viewers could face the work without any preconceived ideas.

    The Search for Emotional Truth

    Rothko’s mature period is associated with Color Field painting. His goal was to use color to speak directly to the human soul, bypassing the intellect to reach deep emotions such as tragedy, ecstasy, and despair. He meticulously layered paint to create a sense of depth and light that seemed to come from within the canvas itself. These large works were intended to envelop the viewer in an immersive experience.

    His commitment to this emotional honesty led to several significant projects:

    The Seagram Murals, which he originally intended for a New York restaurant but later donated to the Tate Gallery after feeling the setting would compromise the work.

    The Rothko Chapel in Houston, Texas, a non-denominational space containing fourteen of his paintings in varying shades of black, designed as a place for quiet reflection.

    The Harvard Mural series, which were donated to a dining room at the Holyoke Center.

    Despite his immense influence on Abstract Expressionism and the later Minimalist movement, Rothko struggled with depression throughout his life. He died by suicide in 1970. His work remains a central part of modern art history, found in permanent collections such as the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Tate Modern in London.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Untitled 68

    wahooart.com/en/art/download/mark-rothko-untitled-68-8BWUGD-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Rothko, Mark. Untitled 68. n.d., https://wahooart.com/en/art/mark-rothko-untitled-68-8BWUGD-en/
    APA
    Rothko, Mark (n.d.). Untitled 68 [Painting]. https://wahooart.com/en/art/mark-rothko-untitled-68-8BWUGD-en/
    Chicago
    Mark Rothko. Untitled 68. n.d. https://wahooart.com/en/art/mark-rothko-untitled-68-8BWUGD-en/
    Harvard
    Rothko, Mark (n.d.) Untitled 68. Available at: https://wahooart.com/en/art/mark-rothko-untitled-68-8BWUGD-en/

    Look closely

    Untitled 68 — Mark Rothko

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: abstract art, rothko circles, color field. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at White Center (1950), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Color Field: Huge areas of flat, soft colour meant to be felt rather than read as a picture of anything. Where can you see that in this work?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Questions & Answers

    Where in the home does a reproduction of "Untitled 68" fit well?

    "Untitled 68" by Mark Rothko is recommended for a living room. This suggestion is based on the work's subject, colors and mood.

    Can I see an X-ray view of "Untitled 68" by Mark Rothko?

    "Untitled 68" can be examined layer by layer on the artwork's X-Ray page, a viewer inspired by a conservator's light bench with eleven optical readings of the image.

    How can I get a print of "Untitled 68" by Mark Rothko?

    To get a print of "Untitled 68" by Mark Rothko, simply order it on its Fine Art Print page: a fine art print on cotton canvas or archival canvas paper.