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Student Artwork Guide

Ground Operational Exercise

Name Class Date

Leslie Cole, Ground Operational Exercise (1943). Reproduced for reference; rights reserved by the rights holder. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Leslie Cole wahooart.com/en/artists/leslie-cole/
Artist’s dates
1910 – 1976
Painted
1943
Original size
51 x 71 cm

In context

Ground Operational Exercise — Leslie Cole

How big is it?

The original measures 51 × 71 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1910
  2. 1920
  3. 1930
  4. 1940
  5. 1950
  6. 1960
  7. 1970

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 66 at death.

Painted when the artist was 33. The artist lived to 66. 9 of the 64 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Leslie Cole (1910–1976) ▲ this work, 1943 every dated painting, decade by decade

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: wahooart.com/en/art/similar/leslie-cole-ground-operational-exercise-AQSABD-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Espresso #484535

    Catalogued palette

    • #484535
    • #7F7A64
    • #BBB59E
    • #191B18

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Main colour name
    Espresso
    Intensity
    Monochromatic How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Bold How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Balanced Harmony How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Deep_shadow How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Muted How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Leslie Cole over the last twelve months — 5 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 72.2%1,300 visits
    2. 2 United States of America 11.1%200 visits
    3. 3 Australia 5.6%100 visits
    4. 4 Ireland 5.6%100 visits
    5. 5 Netherlands 5.6%100 visits

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by Leslie Cole

    1. 1 10 Heavy Ack Ack, Zeebug, Malta, 1944 14.3%300 visits
    2. 2 Orderly on His Rounds in X Ward, Changi Gaol, Singapore, with Prisoners of War Suffering from Starvation and Beriberi, 1945 4.8%100 visits
    3. 3 Scene in a Regimental Aid Post In a Filthy Cellar at Sallenelle, France, after an Action, 1944 4.8%100 visits
    4. 4 Borneo Officers' Mess, 3 8 Gurkha Regiment, 1946 4.8%100 visits
    5. 5 Burma, the Guerilla Headquarters Sergeant Brierley (Ex Maquis) with Burmese Members of Reindeer Force 136, 1946 4.8%100 visits
    6. 6 Burmese Guerillas in Action, 1945 4.8%100 visits
    7. 7 Naval Base Women's Royal Naval Service Sick Bay, 1942 4.8%100 visits
    8. 8 Singapore The Remains of One of the Big Defence Guns, 1946 4.8%100 visits
    9. 9 Dentistry during the Hour of Gas Practice, 1942 4.8%100 visits
    10. 10 Malta Convoy Basutos Deal with the Overflow Mail on the Causeway, the Palace, Valletta, 1943 4.8%100 visits
    11. 11 Malta, the Hypogeum People of Paula Sheltering during a Raid, 1943 4.8%100 visits
    12. 12 One of the Death Pits, Belsen SS Guards Collecting Bodies, 1945 4.8%100 visits
    13. 13 Scorched Earth Devastated Rubber Plantations, 1946 4.8%100 visits
    14. 14 Battle of London Royal Marine Anti Aircraft Gunners Bring down a Flying Bomb, 1944 4.8%100 visits
    15. 15 Company Quartermaster, Sergeant Van Omoheusen of the Auxiliary Territorial Service, Ceylon, 1945 4.8%100 visits
    16. 16 Major General W. H. Oxley, CBE, MC, General Officer Commanding Troops in Malta, 1943 4.8%100 visits
    17. 17 Rear Admiral Sir Kenneth Alexander Ingleby Mackenzie (1892–1961), 1943 4.8%100 visits
    18. 18 Air Transport Auxiliary, 1943 4.8%100 visits
    19. 19 Excavating Tunnel for RAF Control Rooms Maltese Miners, 1943 4.8%100 visits
    20. — Ground Operational Exercise, 1943 this painting 0.0%0 visits

    Together these works take 100.0% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 65 works by this artist, of which 19 were looked at at least once. This painting has not been looked at yet in that time — it closes the list without a rank. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Leslie Cole

    Born in Swindon, United Kingdom

    A Witness to History: The Life and Art of Leslie Cole

    Leslie James Cole, born in Swindon, United Kingdom, in 1910, was an artist whose life became inextricably linked with the tumultuous events of the Second World War. Though his name may not be as instantly recognizable as some of his contemporaries, Cole’s contribution to documenting the realities of conflict – and its devastating aftermath – is profoundly significant. His work stands as a powerful testament to human resilience in the face of unimaginable horror, offering a visual record that continues to resonate with viewers today. Cole's artistic journey began with formal training at Swindon Art School from 1927 to 1932, followed by studies at Birmingham College of Art and culminating in a diploma from the Royal College of Art in 1937, where he specialized in mural decoration, fabric painting, and lithography. This diverse foundation equipped him with a versatile skillset that would prove invaluable during his time as an official war artist. Even before the outbreak of war, Cole demonstrated a commitment to both artistic practice and education, beginning his teaching career at Hull College of Art – a dedication he would continue throughout his life.

    From Coastal Minesweepers to Bergen-Belsen: A War Artist’s Path

    The onset of World War II dramatically altered the course of Cole's artistic endeavors. Initially, despite joining the RAF, medical reasons led to his discharge, but this setback did not deter him from seeking a role in documenting the conflict. Facing initial rejection by Sir Kenneth Clark and the War Artists’ Advisory Committee (WAAC), Cole proactively demonstrated his capabilities, embarking on independent missions accompanying trawlers involved in minesweeping and serving aboard destroyers. These self-initiated projects, showcasing his dedication and talent, ultimately impressed the WAAC, leading to a full-time commission in 1943. This marked the beginning of an extraordinary period where Cole traveled extensively across Europe and Asia, capturing scenes from Malta during the final stages of its siege, Normandy alongside the Royal Marines, Cairo, Greece amidst inter-factional violence following German withdrawal, and further afield to Singapore, Burma, Borneo, and Java. However, it was his assignment to document the liberation of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp that would define his artistic legacy. His panoramic oil paintings depicting the scenes of unimaginable suffering – survivors, British troops, and captured German guards – stand as unflinching portrayals of one of history’s darkest chapters.

    Style and Substance: Realism Tempered with Emotion

    Cole's artistic style is characterized by a compelling realism, an ability to convey both the physical and emotional weight of his subjects. He wasn’t afraid to confront difficult truths, depicting violence and death with honesty and directness – qualities specifically recognized by the WAAC as essential for documenting wartime experiences. His earlier training in lithography proved particularly useful in capturing the immediacy of events, allowing him to create powerful images that conveyed a sense of urgency and authenticity. While his work demonstrates technical skill, it is the emotional depth that truly sets it apart. He possessed a remarkable capacity to portray not only what he saw but also the human cost of conflict, imbuing his paintings with a palpable sense of sorrow, resilience, and quiet dignity. This sensitivity, combined with his meticulous attention to detail, resulted in works that are both historically significant and deeply moving.

    Legacy and Remembrance: Ensuring Cole’s Vision Endures

    Following the war, Leslie Cole established a studio in Fulham, London, continuing to teach at institutions such as the Central School of Art and Brighton College of Art. While his post-war work didn't quite reach the same intensity as his wartime pieces, he remained an active figure in the art world. Renewed interest in his contributions emerged in 1985 with an exhibition titled "To the Front Line" at the Imperial War Museum, and again in 2009 when two of his paintings appeared on Antiques Roadshow. Today, Cole’s works are held by the Imperial War Museum and numerous other public collections across Britain, ensuring that his powerful depictions of wartime experiences continue to be seen and appreciated by future generations. His art serves as a vital reminder of the sacrifices made during World War II and the importance of bearing witness to history's most challenging moments. Leslie Cole’s legacy is not merely one of artistic skill but of courageous documentation, offering a poignant and enduring tribute to those affected by conflict.

    Key Works & Collections

    Brigadier Ivan de la Bere, OBE, in Charge of Troops during the Siege of Malta (1943): A detailed oil painting capturing wartime resilience and dignity.

    Night Scene in a Watch Office (1942): A dramatic WWII oil painting conveying vigilance and communication through realist-impressionistic style.

    Subedar Major Musank Khan (1945): A dignified portrait of a soldier, rendered with realistic detail and textured impasto.

    Bergen-Belsen Series: Panoramic oil paintings documenting the harrowing aftermath of liberation, held in significant collections like the Imperial War Museum.

    Where to read more

    • The artist Leslie Cole wahooart.com/en/artists/leslie-cole/
    • Similar works More works to compare wahooart.com/en/art/similar/leslie-cole-ground-operational-exercise-AQSABD-en/

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Ground Operational Exercise

    wahooart.com/en/art/download/leslie-cole-ground-operational-exercise-AQSABD-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Cole, Leslie. Ground Operational Exercise. 1943, https://wahooart.com/en/art/leslie-cole-ground-operational-exercise-AQSABD-en/
    APA
    Cole, Leslie (1943). Ground Operational Exercise [Painting]. https://wahooart.com/en/art/leslie-cole-ground-operational-exercise-AQSABD-en/
    Chicago
    Leslie Cole. Ground Operational Exercise. 1943. https://wahooart.com/en/art/leslie-cole-ground-operational-exercise-AQSABD-en/
    Harvard
    Cole, Leslie (1943) Ground Operational Exercise. Available at: https://wahooart.com/en/art/leslie-cole-ground-operational-exercise-AQSABD-en/

    Look closely

    Ground Operational Exercise — Leslie Cole

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Look back at The Shaping of the Keel Plate of a Corvette (1942), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    4. Leslie Cole was about 33 when this was made. What in it looks like the work of an artist at that stage?
    5. What might the artist have wanted you to feel?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Questions & Answers

    How do the colors of "Ground Operational Exercise" relate to each other?

    "Ground Operational Exercise" by Leslie Cole displays a balanced harmony color harmony.

    What is the creation date of "Ground Operational Exercise" by Leslie Cole?

    "Ground Operational Exercise" dates from 1943. The date places the work within Leslie Cole's career and its era.

    What explains the copyright situation of "Ground Operational Exercise" by Leslie Cole?

    The copyright status of "Ground Operational Exercise" - still protected by copyright - follows from the artist's death in 1976.