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Student Artwork Guide

John Murray

John Trumbull, 1806

Name Class Date
John Trumbull, John Murray (1806), Metropolitan Museum of Art. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
John Trumbull wahooart.com/en/artists/john-trumbull/
Artist’s dates
1756 – 1843
Painted
1806
Medium
Oil On Canvas
Original size
76 x 61 cm
Held at
Metropolitan Museum of Art wahooart.com/en/museums/metropolitan-museum-of-art-new-york/
Artistic style
American Portraiture
Influences
Neoclassicism
Notable elements
Formal portraiture
Subject or theme
Portrait of John Murray

Copyright This work is in the public domain. John Trumbull died in 1843; copyright lasts 70 years after the artist’s death, so it ended in 1913.

Source: WahooArt.com — accessed Sept. 23, 2026

John Murray — John Trumbull Part 1 · The artwork

In context

John Murray — John Trumbull

How big is it?

The original measures 76 × 61 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1750
  2. 1760
  3. 1770
  4. 1780
  5. 1790
  6. 1800
  7. 1810
  8. 1820
  9. 1830
  10. 1840

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 87 at death.

Painted when the artist was 50. The artist lived to 87. 38 of the 51 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of John Trumbull (1756–1843) ▲ this work, 1806 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1786 Main working years: 1786–1806 Late works: from 1806

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: wahooart.com/en/art/similar/john-trumbull-john-murray-D2UDMU-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Putty #c5c5c5

    Catalogued palette

    • #C5C5C5
    • #181818
    • #373737
    • #696969

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Main colour name
    Putty
    Intensity
    Monochromatic How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Bold How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Unified Palette How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Deep_shadow How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Muted How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by John Trumbull over the last twelve months — 5 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 61.1%
    2. 2 United States of America 25.0%
    3. 3 Brazil 5.6%
    4. 4 Germany 5.6%
    5. 5 Switzerland 2.8%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 17 most looked-at works by John Trumbull

    1. 1 The Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776, 1787 28.2%
    2. 2 The Declaration of Independence, 1787 15.4%
    3. 3 Alexander Hamilton, 1804 7.7%
    4. 4 George Washington before the Battle of Trenton, 1792 7.7%
    5. 5 Patrick Tracy, 1784 5.1%
    6. 6 Priam Returning to His Family with the Dead Body of Hector, 1785 5.1%
    7. 7 George Gallagher, New Yor,, 1826 5.1%
    8. 8 Declaration of Independence, 1817 2.6%
    9. 9 George Washington before the Battle of Trenton, 1792 2.6%
    10. 10 Sarah Trumbull with a Spaniel, 1802 2.6%
    11. 11 John Rutledge, 1791 2.6%
    12. 12 The Earl of Angus Coferring Knighthood on De Wilton, 1810 2.6%
    13. 13 The Woman Taken in Adultery, 1811 2.6%
    14. 14 John Murray, 1806 this painting 2.6%
    15. 15 The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton (unfinished version), 1786 2.6%
    16. 16 Portrait of Colonel Joseph Bull 2.6%
    17. 17 Portrait of John Gore, Jr 2.6%

    Together these works take 100.0% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 56 works by this artist, of which 17 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 14 of them, with 2.6% of that attention. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    Source: WahooArt.com — accessed Sept. 23, 2026

    John Murray — John Trumbull Part 2 · In context

    About this artwork

    John Murray — John Trumbull

    John Murray – A Window into Georgian Society

    John Trumbull’s “John Murray,” painted in 1806, is more than just a portrait; it's a meticulously rendered snapshot of Georgian society and the burgeoning ideals of republicanism. The painting captures John Murray, the fourth Earl of Dunmore, a man deeply entwined with both the political and social currents of his time – a period marked by revolution, reform, and shifting allegiances. Trumbull’s skill lies not merely in replicating likeness but in conveying character through subtle gestures, carefully observed details, and an overall sense of dignified composure.

    The composition is strikingly formal for its era, adhering to the conventions of a three-quarter portrait favored during the early 19th century. Murray is positioned slightly off-center, allowing the eye to wander across the richly textured fabric of his coat – a deliberate detail that speaks volumes about his status and wealth. The arrangement of his hands, clasped neatly before him, suggests both control and contemplation, hinting at the complexities of his position as a nobleman navigating turbulent times. The background is deliberately muted, drawing attention entirely to the subject himself, reinforcing the painting’s focus on Murray's presence.

    A Masterclass in Technique – Trumbull’s Approach

    Trumbull’s technique is characterized by an impressive level of realism and a masterful understanding of light and shadow. He employs a layered approach to oil paint, building up form through careful hatching and cross-hatching—a method that creates a remarkable sense of depth and texture. Note the subtle variations in tone across Murray's face, particularly around his eyes and mouth, which convey a quiet intensity. The rendering of his coat is equally impressive, with meticulous attention paid to the folds and textures of the fabric, suggesting both its quality and the Earl’s affluence.

    The use of monochrome—a deliberate choice in an era when color was often reserved for portraits of royalty or high-ranking officials—heightens the painting's dramatic effect. The absence of color forces the viewer to focus on the interplay of light and shadow, emphasizing Murray’s form and expression. Trumbull’s ability to create such a convincing sense of volume and texture using only shades of gray is a testament to his technical skill.

    Symbolism and Context – A Man of Many Roles

    Understanding “John Murray” requires considering the historical context in which it was created. The Earl of Dunmore, as governor of Virginia during the American Revolution, played a pivotal role in events that would ultimately lead to independence. He issued Dunmore’s Proclamation, offering freedom to enslaved people who sided with the British – a controversial act that fueled tensions between colonists and the Crown. The portrait itself can be interpreted as a subtle assertion of Murray's authority and dignity amidst these complex circumstances.

    Furthermore, the painting reflects broader artistic trends of the period, particularly the influence of Benjamin West, who mentored Trumbull in London. The formal pose, the emphasis on realism, and the careful attention to detail are all hallmarks of West’s style. However, Trumbull imbues the portrait with a distinct American sensibility, capturing not only Murray's likeness but also a sense of his character – a man of quiet strength and unwavering resolve.

    A Timeless Portrait – Reproduction Possibilities

    Trumbull’s “John Murray” remains a compelling work of art, offering a fascinating glimpse into the world of Georgian society. Reproductions capture the painting's rich detail and evocative atmosphere, providing an accessible way to appreciate Trumbull’s artistry. When selecting a reproduction, consider the quality of the materials used – archival-quality canvas and inks will ensure that the colors remain vibrant for years to come. This piece would be a striking addition to any study or formal room, bringing a touch of historical elegance and quiet contemplation to your space.

    Source: WahooArt.com — accessed Sept. 23, 2026

    John Murray — John Trumbull Part 3 · About this artwork

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    John Trumbull

    Born in Lebanon, United Kingdom

    A Life Etched in Revolution: The World of John Trumbull

    John Trumbull, a name synonymous with the visual narrative of America’s birth, was more than just a painter; he was a witness, a soldier, and a chronicler of a nation forging its identity. Born in Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1756, into a family steeped in patriotic fervor – his father, Jonathan Trumbull, served as governor throughout the Revolutionary War – young John’s destiny seemed intertwined with the unfolding drama of independence. A childhood accident tragically cost him the use of one eye, yet this perceived limitation may have paradoxically sharpened his observational skills, contributing to the meticulous detail that would become a hallmark of his artistic style. His early education at Harvard College further cultivated a mind primed for both intellectual rigor and creative expression. Even before fully embracing his calling as an artist, Trumbull’s life was already imbued with a sense of duty and service, sketching fortifications during the Siege of Boston – a foreshadowing of his future role in immortalizing the Revolution on canvas.

    From Battlefield to Brushstroke: Artistic Formation and Influences

    The path to becoming “the Painter of the Revolution” wasn’t immediate. Financial constraints initially led Trumbull down various avenues, but the pull towards art proved irresistible. In 1780, he embarked on a journey to London, seeking tutelage under the esteemed Benjamin West, an American expatriate who had achieved prominence as a history painter. West recognized Trumbull’s potential and encouraged him to focus on scenes from the War of Independence, suggesting smaller-scale works and miniature portraits – a practical approach that allowed Trumbull to hone his skills while establishing a clientele. Over the course of his career, he produced approximately 250 miniatures, demonstrating remarkable versatility and precision. However, West’s influence extended beyond technique; he instilled in Trumbull an appreciation for classical history painting, inspiring him to imbue his work with dramatic composition and allegorical depth. This fusion of historical accuracy and artistic grandeur would define Trumbull's mature style. The experience wasn't without hardship; a brief but alarming arrest on suspicion of espionage – retaliation for the execution of Major André – forced a temporary retreat from British society, yet ultimately solidified his commitment to portraying the American cause.

    Immortalizing Independence: Masterpieces and Historical Significance

    Trumbull’s most enduring legacy lies in his monumental historical paintings, particularly those that now grace the Capitol Rotunda. The Declaration of Independence, perhaps his most iconic work, is a carefully constructed tableau depicting the momentous occasion with remarkable fidelity. It's not merely a record of who was present but an attempt to capture the gravity and solemnity of the event. Famously, this painting found its way onto the reverse of the two-dollar bill, cementing its place in American iconography. Other significant works include The Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, The Surrender of General Burgoyne, and George Washington before the Battle of Trenton. These paintings weren’t simply artistic endeavors; they were acts of national commemoration, designed to inspire patriotism and solidify a shared historical narrative. Trumbull meticulously researched each scene, consulting with veterans and studying contemporary accounts to ensure accuracy. His preparatory sketches, like the Study for Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, reveal his painstaking planning process and dedication to detail. In an era devoid of photographic documentation, Trumbull’s paintings served as invaluable visual records, shaping public understanding of the Revolution and its key figures.

    A Lasting Legacy: Collections and Enduring Influence

    John Trumbull's contributions extend beyond his celebrated canvases. He was a staunch advocate for the arts in America, serving as president of the American Academy of Fine Arts from 1816 to 1835, tirelessly working to foster a vibrant artistic community within the young nation. His paintings are now held in prestigious institutions across the country, including Yale University Art Gallery, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, ensuring their accessibility for generations to come. The prominent display of his works within the United States Capitol serves as a lasting tribute to his dedication to both art and history.

    His paintings continue to inspire artists and historians alike.

    They offer invaluable insights into the aesthetics and ideals of the early American republic.

    Trumbull’s commitment to historical accuracy set a precedent for future generations of American historical painters.

    John Trumbull passed away in 1843, leaving behind a body of work that continues to resonate with power and significance. He remains, unequivocally, “the Painter of the Revolution,” an artist who not only captured history but helped create it – shaping the visual memory of a nation’s birth and securing his place as a pivotal figure in American art.

    Museum

    Metropolitan Museum of Art

    On show in new york, United States of America

    A Legacy in Stone and Light

    The Fifth Avenue facade of the Metropolitan Museum of Art beckons visitors into a realm where ancient civilizations resonate alongside modern innovations. The primary building, a magnificent embodiment of Beaux-Arts style completed between 1902 and 1914, exudes an air of classical grandeur. Colossal columns frame the entrance, inviting people into soaring galleries bathed in natural light. This monumental structure was deliberately designed as a homage to European palaces, creating a space that feels both imposing and welcoming. Beyond the main site, The Cloisters offers an intimate serenity in Fort Tryon Park, transporting visitors to medieval Europe through reconstructed chapende and gardens.

    The architecture tells a story of expansion and change. While the current Fifth Avenue location is synonymous with the institution, the museum briefly resided in the Douglas Mansion estate on West 14th Street. The original structure, designed by Calvert Vaux and Jacob Wrey Mould, featured a red-brick facade that remains partially visible today within the Robert Lehman Wing. This glimpse of the past provides a connection to an era when the surrounding area was far from the gilded mansions of the Upper East Side.

    Treasures Across Five Millennia

    Within these halls, one feels the weight of centuries. The collection spans 5,000 years of human creativity, housing over two million art objects. Visitors encounter the imposing Assyrian reliefs, depicting scenes of royal power and divine ritual carved into stone. Greek sculptures embody idealized form and proportion, including the Parthenon Marbles. The museum also holds significant works from diverse cultures:

    Chinese ceramics and intricate Japanese screens.

    African, Oceanic, and American art collections.

    The Cesnola Collection, comprising approximately 35,000 Cypriot art objects.

    A blue-glazed lotus-decorated hippopotamus statuette from Egypt, ca. 1961–1878 B.C.

    The transition from realism to modernism is visible in works like Édouard Manet’s Boating, which captures leisure on the Seine through its use of light and color. The psychological depth of Rembrandt's 1660 self-portrait offers a study in chiaroscuro, using dramatic shadow to reveal introspection. In the modern galleries, the scale of Jackson Pollock’s Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) commands attention, with its eight-foot-tall canvas and seventeen-foot length displaying a web of drips.

    Modernity and the Living City

    The museum continues to engage with the present through contemporary artists and large-scale events. Pablo Picasso’s portrait of Gertrude Stein prefigures his evolution into Cubism, capturing the essence of the American expat community in Paris. Vincent Van Gogh’s Self-Portrait with a Straw Hat remains a focal point, where intense eyes are encircled by controlled brushstrokes. The institution also recognizes contemporary figures such as Wangechi Mutu, whose humanoid sculptures occupy niches on the museum's facade.

    Beyond the permanent galleries, the museum serves as a center for social and cultural gatherings. The annual Met Gala, held on the first Monday in May, brings fashion designers and celebrities to Manhattan for an evening of glamour. On other nights, programs like Date Night at the Met occur every Friday and Saturday, ensuring the halls remain a vital part of New York life. Through conservation laboratories and digital initiatives, the museum safeguards its vast holdings for future generations.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for John Murray

    wahooart.com/en/art/download/john-trumbull-john-murray-D2UDMU-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Trumbull, John. John Murray. 1806, Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://wahooart.com/en/art/john-trumbull-john-murray-D2UDMU-en/
    APA
    Trumbull, John (1806). John Murray [Painting]. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://wahooart.com/en/art/john-trumbull-john-murray-D2UDMU-en/
    Chicago
    John Trumbull. John Murray. 1806. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://wahooart.com/en/art/john-trumbull-john-murray-D2UDMU-en/
    Harvard
    Trumbull, John (1806) John Murray. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Available at: https://wahooart.com/en/art/john-trumbull-john-murray-D2UDMU-en/

    Source: WahooArt.com — accessed Sept. 23, 2026

    John Murray — John Trumbull Part 4 · Artist and museum

    Look closely

    John Murray — John Trumbull

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. How many faces can you find? ____ (our catalogue counts 1 — do you agree?)
    4. Our catalogue files this work under: portraiture, dignity, status. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    5. Look back at Alexander Hamilton (1804), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Source: WahooArt.com — accessed Sept. 23, 2026

    John Murray — John Trumbull Part 5 · Look closely

    Art quiz

    John Murray — John Trumbull

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the primary subject of John Trumbull’s ‘John Murray’?

      • A A portrait of a prominent British politician.
      • B A depiction of a battle scene from the American Revolution.
      • C A formal portrait of John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore.

    2. 2. The painting ‘John Murray’ was created in which year?

      • A 1776
      • B 1806
      • C 1756

    3. 3. What artistic technique is most prominently used in ‘John Murray’ to create a sense of depth and volume?

      • A Linear perspective
      • B Hatching and cross-hatching
      • C Impasto brushstrokes

    4. 4. Based on the image description, what is the lighting in ‘John Murray’ like?

      • A Harsh and direct sunlight.
      • B Soft and diffused light.
      • C Dramatic chiaroscuro.

    5. 5. Which of the following best describes John Trumbull’s role in American art history?

      • A He was primarily a landscape painter.
      • B He is known as ‘The Painter of the Revolution’ for his historical paintings.
      • C He specialized in portraiture of wealthy merchants.

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1C · 2B · 3B · 4B · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Source: WahooArt.com — accessed Sept. 23, 2026

    John Murray — John Trumbull Part 6 · Art quiz

    Questions & Answers

    Which room is "John Murray" by John Trumbull recommended for?

    A reproduction of "John Murray" fits well in a living room.

    Where can I buy a print of "John Murray" by John Trumbull?

    To get a print of "John Murray" by John Trumbull, simply order it on its Fine Art Print page: a fine art print on cotton canvas or archival canvas paper.

    What are the medium and date of "John Murray" by John Trumbull?

    The medium of "John Murray" by John Trumbull is oil on canvas, and the work is dated 1806.