Paper

Student Artwork Guide

Number 13

Name Class Date

James Brooks, Number 13 (1965), Dallas Museum of Art. Reproduced for reference; rights reserved by the rights holder. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
James Brooks wahooart.com/en/artists/james-brooks/
Artist’s dates
1906 – 1992
Painted
1965
Medium
Gouache Watercolour made opaque by adding chalk, so pale colours can be laid over dark ones.
Original size
58 x 73 cm
Movement
Abstract Expressionism Large canvases where the act of painting itself — the drip, the sweep — is the subject.
Period
Modern
Held at
Dallas Museum of Art wahooart.com/en/museums/dallas-museum-of-art-dallas/
Artistic style
Abstract Expressionism
Notable elements or techniques
Gestural brushstrokes, staining technique
Subject or theme
Abstract; bold black and white contrasts

In context

Number 13 — James Brooks

How big is it?

The original measures 58 × 73 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1900
  2. 1910
  3. 1920
  4. 1930
  5. 1940
  6. 1950
  7. 1960
  8. 1970
  9. 1980
  10. 1990

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 86 at death.

Painted when the artist was 59. The artist lived to 86. 2 of the 6 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of James Brooks (1906–1992) ▲ this work, 1965 every dated painting, decade by decade

Compare with

  • Untitled, 1952 wahooart.com/en/art/james-brooks-untitled-D7RA89-en/
  • Harmagh, 1967 wahooart.com/en/art/james-brooks-harmagh-AQRGVX-en/
  • B 1955 wahooart.com/en/art/james-brooks-b-1955-AQRGVR-en/

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: wahooart.com/en/art/similar/james-brooks-number-13-D3FJ7Z-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Black #07090c

    Catalogued palette

    • #07090C
    • #F9FBF1
    • #9B9CA0
    • #5D5E62

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Neutrals The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Black
    Intensity
    Monochromatic How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Statement How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Softly Mixed Palette How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Bright How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Muted How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by James Brooks over the last twelve months — 4 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 66.7%600 visits
    2. 2 United Arab Emirates 11.1%100 visits
    3. 3 Malaysia 11.1%100 visits
    4. 4 United States of America 11.1%100 visits

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 6 most looked-at works by James Brooks

    1. 1 B 1955 33.3%300 visits
    2. 2 Ipswich 22.2%200 visits
    3. 3 Oran, 1969 11.1%100 visits
    4. 4 Untitled, 1953 11.1%100 visits
    5. 5 Black and White, 1965 11.1%100 visits
    6. 6 Number 13, 1965 this painting 11.1%100 visits

    Together these works take 99.9% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 8 works by this artist, of which 6 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 6 of them, with 11.1% of that attention (100 visits). The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Number 13 — James Brooks

    A Dance of Contrast: The Raw Energy of Number 13

    In the realm of Abstract Expressionism, few works command attention with such stark, visceral intensity as James Brooks's Number 13. Created in 1965, this masterpiece serves as a profound dialogue between light and shadow, order and chaos. The composition is defined by a striking monochrome palette, where the deep, commanding presence of black paint meets the luminous clarity of white space. Upon first encounter, the viewer is swept into a whirlwind of gestural movement; there is an undeniable sense of spontaneity, as if the artist’s very pulse were captured within the sweeping strokes of gouache and ink.

    The visual journey begins on the left side of the canvas, where the forms are fluid and organic. Here, amorphous dark shapes emerge from the white background, suggesting a phantom-like profile or a face in silhouette, though they remain tantalizingly abstract. These loose, energetic sweeps of black paint create a sense of dynamic motion, pulling the eye into an unpredictable rhythm. This side of the work feels deeply personal and emotive, embodying the "action painting" spirit where the physical act of creation is as much a part of the art as the final image.

    Structure Amidst the Storm

    As the gaze traverses the canvas toward the right, a fascinating transformation occurs. The wild, unpredictable energy of the left gives way to a more structured arrangement. Thick, horizontal bands of black paint stretch across the space, separated by rhythmic white intervals. These bands introduce a sense of gravity and architectural stability to the piece, creating a captivating tension between the unstructured, atmospheric shapes on one side and the deliberate, layered stripes on the other. This juxtaposition of the organic and the geometric invites endless interpretation, making it a centerpiece that rewards deep contemplation.

    The technique employed by Brooks is nothing short of masterful. By utilizing gouache and ink, he achieves a variety of textures—some areas appear smooth and ethereal, while others reveal the heavy, tactile weight of thick applications. The visible brushstrokes serve as a map of the artist's movements, lending the work an intimate, human quality. For the collector or interior designer, this piece offers more than just visual interest; it provides a sophisticated focal point that can anchor a room with its dramatic duality and timeless elegance.

    A Legacy of Emotion and Motion

    Beyond its formal qualities, Number 13 resonates with a profound emotional depth. The stark black-and-white contrast evokes themes of duality—day and night, presence and absence, life and void. There is a certain drama inherent in the composition, a tension that feels both ancient and modern. It is a work that does not merely sit upon a wall but actively interacts with its environment, casting a spell of introspection on all who behold it.

    For those seeking to bring the spirit of mid-century American abstraction into a contemporary space, this reproduction offers an unparalleled opportunity. It captures the essence of Brooks's unique ability to blend the monumental scale of his muralist roots with the intimate, psychological intensity of abstract painting. Whether placed in a minimalist gallery setting or a richly textured living space, Number 13 remains a powerful testament to the enduring beauty of the Abstract Expressionist movement.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    James Brooks

    Born in St. Louis, United States of America

    Early Life and Education

    Born: October 18, 1906, St. Louis, Missouri

    Family moved to Dallas, Texas in 1916

    Studied art at Southern Methodist University (1922-1924)

    Private lessons with James A. Waddell and Martha Simkins in Dallas

    Moved to New York City in 1926

    Studied at the Art Students League under Boardman Robinson and Kimon Nicolaides

    Worked as a commercial artist to support himself

    The WPA Years and Early Murals

    Active in the Works Progress Administration (WPA) Federal Art Project from 1936-1942

    Painted three murals for the WPA, demonstrating social realist style.

    Flight (1940-1942): A significant mural at La Guardia Airport's Marine Air Terminal, depicting the history of aviation. It was the largest WPA mural and later restored after being painted over.

    Friendships with Jackson Pollock and Philip Guston during this period

    Abstract Expressionist Period: Style and Development

    Served as a combat artist in the U.S. Army (1942-1945)

    Returned to New York City in 1946, reconnected with Pollock and Krasner

    Shifted towards Abstract Expressionism, influenced by Surrealist principles

    Developed a unique staining technique: Experimenting with the bleed of paste through canvas.

    Early works showed influences of Synthetic Cubism.

    Palette initially featured browns, grays, blacks and vivid colors.

    Later work incorporated larger forms, broader strokes, and simpler compositions using acrylics.

    Often used numbers and letters to identify paintings, incorporating nonsense syllables as titles (e.g., Pask, Burwak, Jondol).

    Major Exhibitions and Recognition

    First solo exhibition at the Peridot Gallery in New York City (1949)

    Participated in the historic Ninth Street Exhibition (1951) – a key event in Abstract Expressionism.

    Featured in exhibitions such as Twelve Americans and New American Painting at the Museum of Modern Art.

    Documenta, Kassel, West Germany (1959).

    John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship (1969)

    Legacy and Historical Significance

    Considered a first-generation Abstract Expressionist painter.

    Known for his innovative staining techniques and lyrical abstraction.

    His work is held in prominent collections including the Art Institute of Chicago, The Museum of Modern Art, Tate Gallery, and National Gallery of Art.

    Brooks's artistic journey reflects the evolution of Abstract Expressionism and his willingness to experiment with new approaches to painting.

    Died on March 9, 1992, in East Hampton, New York.

    Museum

    Dallas Museum of Art

    On show in Dallas, United States of America

    A Sanctuary of Infinite Vision

    In the beating heart of the Dallas Arts District, where the urban energy of Texas meets a profound stillness of spirit, stands the

    Dallas Museum of Art

    . It is not merely a repository for objects, but a living, breathing chronicle of human creativity that spans five millennia. To step through its doors is to embark on a journey that transcends time and geography, moving seamlessly from the whispered secrets of ancient Greek vases to the visceral, boundary-pushing provocations of contemporary masters. Since its humble inception in 1903, the museum has evolved from a local gathering of enthusiasts into a global beacon of cultural excellence, driven by an unwavering commitment to making the sublime accessible to every visitor.

    The architecture itself serves as a silent protagonist in this narrative of beauty. Designed by the visionary

    Edward Larrabee Barnes

    , the museum’s structure is a masterclass in modernism, characterized by clean, sophisticated lines and an intentional dialogue with light. The expansive halls are not merely containers for art but are designed to breathe alongside it; natural light pours into the galleries, illuminating the textures of ancient ceramics and the bold strokes of oil paintings alike. This architectural brilliance creates an atmosphere of contemplative grandeur, where the soaring ceilings and open floor plans invite the wandering eye to linger on the interplay between shadow and substance.

    A Tapestry of Global Heritage

    The true soul of the DMA lies in its breathtakingly diverse collection, a rich tapestry woven from threads of countless civilizations. For the collector or the lover of antiquity, the museum offers an unparalleled encounter with the past. One might find themselves lost in the delicate elegance of Chinese porcelain or mesmerized by the rhythmic power of Indian sculptures, each piece serving as a window into the philosophical and spiritual landscapes of their creators. The collection’s strength lies in its ability to bridge the gap between the ancient and the modern, presenting a continuous stream of human expression that feels remarkably unified despite its vast chronological range.

    As one wanders deeper into the galleries, the European masters emerge with an emotional depth that continues to captivate the modern soul. The works of

    Paul Gauguin

    and

    Henri Matisse

    offer vibrant explorations of color and form, while the haunting, complex compositions of

    Francis Bacon

    challenge our very perceptions of reality. For the interior designer or the art enthusiast seeking inspiration, these masterpieces provide a profound study in how color, texture, and emotion can transform a space. This seamless blend of ancient craftsmanship and modern experimentation ensures that every visit to the DMA is an encounter with the unexpected, making it a cornerstone of the American cultural landscape.

    A Catalyst for Community and Connection

    Beyond its walls of stone and glass, the Dallas Museum of Art functions as a vibrant community hub, fostering a deep connection between the public and the transformative power of art. Through its dynamic exhibition policy, the museum breathes life into its permanent holdings with rotating displays that tackle contemporary issues and celebrate forgotten histories. Programs such as the

    Late Night

    events and the

    Arts & Letters Live

    series transform the institution into a social stage, where literature, music, and visual arts converge to inspire curiosity across all generations.

    What truly distinguishes the DMA is its radical dedication to accessibility. By offering free general admission, the museum removes the barriers between the individual and the masterpiece, ensuring that the profound beauty of its 24,000-strong collection remains a shared heritage for all. Whether it is through the scholarly depths of the

    Mayer Library

    or the engaging educational programs for young minds, the museum remains steadfast in its mission to act as a catalyst for engagement. It is a place where history is not just studied, but felt—a sanctuary where every brushstroke and every carved stone tells a story that belongs to us all.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Number 13

    wahooart.com/en/art/download/james-brooks-number-13-D3FJ7Z-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Brooks, James. Number 13. 1965, Dallas Museum of Art. https://wahooart.com/en/art/james-brooks-number-13-D3FJ7Z-en/
    APA
    Brooks, James (1965). Number 13 [Painting]. Dallas Museum of Art. https://wahooart.com/en/art/james-brooks-number-13-D3FJ7Z-en/
    Chicago
    James Brooks. Number 13. 1965. Dallas Museum of Art. https://wahooart.com/en/art/james-brooks-number-13-D3FJ7Z-en/
    Harvard
    Brooks, James (1965) Number 13. Dallas Museum of Art. Available at: https://wahooart.com/en/art/james-brooks-number-13-D3FJ7Z-en/

    Look closely

    Number 13 — James Brooks

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: abstraction, black_and_white, gestural_brushstrokes. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Untitled (1952), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Abstract Expressionism: Large canvases where the act of painting itself — the drip, the sweep — is the subject. Where can you see that in this work?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    Number 13 — James Brooks

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the primary art movement associated with James Brooks's 'Number 13'?

      • A Social Realism
      • B Abstract Expressionism
      • C Impressionism
    2. 2. Which materials were used to create this artwork?

      • A Oil on canvas
      • B Gouache and ink on paper
      • C Watercolor and charcoal
    3. 3. In which year was 'Number 13' created?

      • A 1936
      • B 1945
      • C 1965
    4. 4. What is the visual characteristic of the right side of the composition?

      • A Thick, horizontal black bands
      • B A vague suggestion of a face
      • C Brightly colored geometric shapes
    5. 5. Where is this artwork currently housed?

      • A The Whitney Museum of American Art
      • B Dallas Museum of Art
      • C La Guardia Airport

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1B · 2B · 3C · 4A · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    How do I discover artworks close to "Number 13" by James Brooks?

    Works similar to "Number 13" are listed on the artwork's Similars page.

    Where can I buy a print of "Number 13" by James Brooks?

    To get a print of "Number 13" by James Brooks, simply order it on its Fine Art Print page: a fine art print on cotton canvas or archival canvas paper.

    What is the format of "Number 13"?

    "Number 13" by James Brooks is a landscape composition. The proportions are worth checking before choosing a print size.