Frank Auerbach: A Life Painted in Thick Emotion
Born in Berlin in 1931, Frank Auerbach’s life was profoundly shaped by the tumultuous events of the early 20th century. His Jewish heritage and the looming threat of Nazi Germany forced a premature departure from his home city, culminating in his arrival in England as a young boy in 1939. This displacement, coupled with the tragic loss of his parents during World War II – a fate shared by countless others within the German diaspora – undoubtedly informed the deeply personal and emotionally charged nature of his work. Auerbach’s childhood was spent at Bunce Court, a progressive boarding school in Kent for refugee children, an experience that instilled in him a sense of community and resilience, themes which would later resonate through his paintings.
His artistic journey began during the war years, attending night classes at Borough Polytechnic under the guidance of David Bomberg. This early mentorship proved pivotal, introducing Auerbach to the possibilities of abstraction while simultaneously grounding him in traditional drawing techniques. The school’s evacuation to Shropshire further shaped his perspective, fostering a sense of displacement and introspection – emotions he would translate onto canvas with remarkable intensity. The friendships forged during this period, particularly with Leon Kossoff, were crucial, providing a supportive network and intellectual exchange that profoundly influenced his artistic development.
Auerbach’s style is instantly recognizable—a dense, almost sculptural application of paint, often applied with a palette knife directly from the tube. He rarely used brushes, preferring instead to build up layers of color, creating surfaces that seem to pulsate with raw emotion. His models – primarily his wife Julia, Juliet Yardley Mills ('J.Y.M.'), and Stella West ('E.O.W.') – were not rendered realistically but rather distilled into simplified forms, their presence felt through the intensity of the colors and textures. The figures are often depicted in moments of quiet contemplation or vulnerability, conveying a sense of isolation and longing. Critics initially struggled to categorize his work, with some dismissing it as ‘sculpture’ due to its monumental scale and tactile quality, while others recognized its profound painterly essence – a testament to Auerbach's unique approach.
The School of London and Emotional Intensity
Auerbach’s artistic trajectory is inextricably linked to the “School of London,” a group of British artists working in the post-war period who developed a distinctive, often bleakly realistic style. Figures like David Bomberg, Leon Kossoff, and Peter Blake shared a commitment to exploring urban landscapes and the psychological impact of modern life. However, Auerbach’s work stands apart through its overwhelming emotional intensity. Unlike his peers, he eschewed the detached observation favored by some members of the School, instead channeling his own personal experiences—the trauma of displacement, loss, and loneliness—into his paintings.
His early works, particularly those depicting scenes from Mornington Crescent in London, are characterized by a claustrophobic atmosphere and a sense of unease. The figures are often rendered in muted tones, their faces obscured or lost within the dense layers of paint. These paintings aren’t simply representations of places; they're explorations of inner states—a reflection of Auerbach’s own emotional landscape. The recurring motif of the figure in isolation speaks to a profound sense of alienation and vulnerability.
Technique and Materials: A Sculptural Approach
Auerbach’s distinctive technique is central to understanding his work. He employed a remarkably unconventional approach, applying paint directly from the tube with a palette knife or brush, building up layers upon layers until the surface became incredibly thick and textured. This process created a palpable sense of physicality—the paintings seem almost sculptural in their mass and weight. He often worked on large canvases, further amplifying this effect.
The choice of colors is equally significant. Auerbach favored dark, saturated hues – deep reds, blues, and greens – which contribute to the paintings’ somber mood. He rarely used white or light colors, preferring instead to create a sense of depth and density through the layering of contrasting tones. This deliberate avoidance of lightness reinforces the feeling of confinement and emotional intensity.
Legacy and Recognition
Despite initial skepticism from some critics, Frank Auerbach’s work gradually gained recognition as a significant contribution to British art. His retrospective at the Hayward Gallery in 1978 marked a turning point, solidifying his place within the canon of 20th-century painting. His paintings are now held in major collections around the world, including the Tate and the British Museum.
Auerbach’s legacy extends beyond his individual achievements. He demonstrated that art could be a powerful vehicle for expressing profound personal emotions—a testament to the enduring power of subjective experience. His work continues to resonate with viewers today, offering a glimpse into the inner lives of an artist shaped by tragedy and resilience.
