Reuben O. Luckenbach (1818–1880): A Pennsylvania Landscape Pioneer Reuben O. Luckenbach, born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America in 1818, stands as a pivotal figure in the burgeoning American landscape painting movement of the mid-nineteenth century. His artistic journey began under the tutelage of Gustav Grunewald, a German expatriate who established himself as an instructor at Moravian Seminary for Young Ladies—a f…