Alma Thomas: A Life in Color
Early Life and Education
- Born: 1891 in Columbus, Georgia, Alma Woodsey Thomas was the eldest of four children. Her parents were John Harris Thomas, a businessman, and Amelia Cantey Thomas, a dress designer.
- The family relocated to the Logan Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C., in 1907 due to racial violence and seeking better educational opportunities.
- Early Artistic Inclinations: From a young age, Thomas displayed artistic talent, creating puppets and sculptures at home.
- She attended Armstrong Technical High School, taking her first formal art classes.
- Thomas pursued education at Miner Normal School (later University of the District of Columbia) from 1911 to 1913, focusing on kindergarten education.
Career as an Educator
- Thomas began her career as a substitute teacher in Maryland before securing a permanent position in 1914.
- From 1916 to 1923, she taught kindergarten at the Thomas Garrett Settlement House in Wilmington, Delaware.
- In 1921, she enrolled at Howard University as a home economics student but soon switched her focus to fine art under James V. Herring.
- Groundbreaking Graduate: She earned her B.S. in Fine Arts from Howard University in 1924, becoming the first graduate of the university’s fine arts program.
- Thomas dedicated over three decades to teaching at Shaw Junior High School (1924-1960), fostering a community arts program that included marionette performances and student-designed holiday cards for veterans.
- She earned her M.A. in Art Education from Columbia University in 1934, and continued studies at American University under Jacob Kainen (1950-1960).
Artistic Development & Influences
- Early Style: Thomas’s early work was representational, but her style evolved towards abstraction through studies with Herring and Lois Mailou Jones.
- Key Influences: She drew inspiration from West African paintings, Byzantine mosaics, and the color field movement.
- Her exposure to the work of the New York School and Abstract Expressionism at American University significantly impacted her artistic direction.
- She was inspired by Matisse’s cutouts, notably reinterpreting “The Snail” in her painting “Watusi (Hard Edge).”
Mature Work & Artistic Style
- Color Field Paintings: Thomas became known for her vibrant, abstract color field paintings characterized by pattern, rhythm, and bold use of color.
- Her work often reflected themes inspired by nature, space, and music.
- Notable Works: Include “Watusi (Hard Edge),” “Celestial Fantasy,” “Wind and Crepe Myrtle Concerto,” and “Sky Light.”
- She frequently sought inspiration from the effects of light and atmosphere on rural environments, often driving into the countryside with friend Delilah Pierce.
Recognition & Legacy
- Late Recognition: Thomas gained significant recognition after her retirement from teaching in 1960.
- Her first retrospective exhibit was held at the Gallery of Art at Howard University in 1966, curated by James A. Porter.
- Groundbreaking Exhibition: In 1972, she became the first African American woman to have a solo exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Corcoran Gallery of Art in the same year.
- Thomas passed away in 1978, leaving behind a legacy as a pioneering artist who defied labels and embraced her creative vision.
- Historical Significance: Alma Thomas’s work challenged racial barriers within the art world and contributed significantly to the development of abstract expressionism and color field painting.
