Mustafa Râkim: A Pioneer of Ottoman Calligraphy Early Life and Background Born in Oyüzü, Turkey in 1757, Mustafa Râkim emerged as a transformative figure in the world of Ottoman art. His early life details remain somewhat scarce, but he quickly demonstrated an exceptional talent for calligraphy – a highly revered art form within Ottoman culture. He dedicated himself to mastering the intricacies of Islamic script, setting the st…