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The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Art Movement |
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Introduction: The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB) was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, James Collinson, Frederic George Stephens, and Thomas Woolner. The PRB sought a return to the abundant detail, intense colors, and complex compositions of Quattrocento Italian art, rejecting what they regarded as the mechanistic approach first adopted by Mannerist artists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo.... |
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The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Art Movement
Introduction: The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB) was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, James Collinson, Frederic George Stephens, and Thomas Woolner. The PRB sought a return to the abundant detail, intense colors, and complex compositions of Quattrocento Italian art, rejecting what they regarded as the mechanistic approach first adopted by Mannerist artists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo.
Beginnings
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded in John Millais's parents' house on Gower Street, London in 1848. The painters John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and William Holman Hunt were present at the first meeting. Later, four more members joined to form a seven-member-strong brotherhood. Ford Madox Brown was invited to join but remained independent. Other young painters and sculptors became close associates, including Charles Allston Collins and Alexander Munro.
Early Doctrines
The brotherhood's early doctrines were expressed in four declarations: to have genuine ideas to express; to study Nature attentively, so as to know how to express them; to sympathise with what is direct and serious and heartfelt in previous art, to the exclusion of what is conventional and self-parading and learned by rote; and most indispensable of all, to produce thoroughly good pictures and statues.
Influence of John Ruskin
The Pre-Raphaelites defined themselves as a reform movement, created a distinct name for their form of art, and published a periodical, The Germ, to promote their ideas. They associated their work with John Ruskin, an English critic whose influences were driven by his religious background. Christian themes were abundant in their works.
American Pre-Raphaelites
The American Pre-Raphaelites was a movement of landscape painters in the United States during the mid-19th century. It was named for its connection to the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and for the influence of John Ruskin on its members. Painter Thomas Charles Farrer led the movement, and many members were active abolitionists. Their work together was short-lived, and the movement had mostly dissolved by 1870.
Artistic Style
Like the English Pre-Raphaelite movement, the American Pre-Raphaelites exhibited high levels of finish and detail in their paintings, with an attention to natural representation and subjects. They often criticized artists like Albert Bierstadt for not conducting enough studies before executing their paintings.
Conclusion
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a significant art movement that sought to return to the abundant detail, intense colors, and complex compositions of Quattrocento Italian art. Their influence can be seen in the works of many artists, including John Collier and the American Pre-Raphaelites.
For more information on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, visit Wikipedia.
To learn more about John Collier, check out his page on Wikipedia.
For an overview of the American Pre-Raphaelites, visit their page on Wikipedia.
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